Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is the Preoperational stage in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development?
The Preoperational stage occurs between 2-7 years and involves the onset of symbolic thought with schemas not fully developed. This stage includes animism, artificialism, precausal thinking, and egocentrism.
What are the two sub-stages of the Preoperational stage and their characteristics?
Preconceptual stage (2-4 years): Difficulty with seriation tasks and centration.
Intuitive stage (4-7 years): Some success with seriation tasks through trial and error and beginning of decentration and reversibility.
How do children demonstrate their Naive Theories?
Children understand some level of animate vs. inanimate objects, movement, growth, inheritance, and healing. They can discern objectivity in these concepts.
What is Theory of Mind (TOM) and its development stages?
TOM is a child’s understanding of how others’ minds work. At 2 years, children understand others have desires. By 3 years, they recognize others’ beliefs and may lie. By 4/5 years, they understand others’ behavior is based on beliefs.
How does Information-Processing Approach relate to preschoolers’ reasoning and problem-solving?
Preschoolers develop better control over their attention and thinking skills. They improve focused attention and intentional thought, such as counting.
What are Vygotsky’s social views on cognitive development?
Higher mental functions are formed through interaction with knowledgeable peers, within the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD), using scaffolding, and private speech prevalent around 4-6 years.
How do preschoolers develop language and grammatical skills?
At 2 years, they ask questions through intonation. By 4 years, they better understand passive sentences and start producing them at 5-6 years. They make grammatical mistakes, especially with regular and irregular formations of tense.
What is Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device?
Chomsky’s Language Acquisition Device is the innate ability to learn and acquire grammar and syntax in language.
At what age do children start lying, and why?
Children start lying around 2 years old, often for tactical reasons.
