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Language Development > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

MLU definition

A

A moderate predictor of the complexity of the language of English speaking young children

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2
Q

MLU calculation

A

Total number of morphemes/ total number of utterances. m/u

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3
Q

how to count morphemes

A

possessive morphemes and plurals=2
irregular past tense(went,ate,fell) =1
ex: mommy eat cookie= 3

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4
Q

possessive

A

’s

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5
Q

progressive

A

-ing

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6
Q

uncontractible copula

A

am, is, are, was, were

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7
Q

uncontractible auxiliary

A

am, is, are, has

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8
Q

contractible copula

A

‘m ‘s ‘re

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9
Q

contractible auxiliary

A

past principle ‘m, ‘s, -ing, ‘ve

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10
Q

noun suffixes

A

-er ( the person who does X) derivational

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11
Q

adjective suffixes

A

The comparative -er (smaller bigger colder)
the superlative-est (smallest biggest) inflectional

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12
Q

noun phrase

A

elaboration occurs when children star combining words. HAS TO HAVE AT LEAST 1 NOUN

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13
Q

Noun article

A

a, an, the

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14
Q

Stopping

A

stops for other sounds
/d/ for / ð/, /t/ for /s/
(ex: fricative to stop)

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15
Q

noun demonstratives

A

this, that, these, those

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16
Q

Fronting

A

/t/ for /k/, /d/ for /g/

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17
Q

noun quantifiers

A

some, a lot, two

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18
Q

backing

A

/k/ for /t/, /g/ for /d/

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19
Q

noun possessives

A

my, yours, daddy’s

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20
Q

gliding

A

/j/ for /l/, /w/ for /r/

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21
Q

noun adjectives

A

big, small, blue, soft, pretty, tall, short

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22
Q

epenthesis

A

an insertion of a sound

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23
Q

post noun modification

A

that THERE, toy IN THE BOX

24
Q

final consonant deletion (FCD)

A

cup /kʌ/ ball /ba/

25
Q

initial consonant deletion (ICD)

A

-cup /ʌp/ ball /al/

26
Q

transitive

A

verbs can be changed from active to passive
to take direct objects
ex: I opened the door

27
Q

reduplication

A

water /wawa/

28
Q

intransitive

A

verbs cannot be changed to passive voice
ex: the door opened

29
Q

unstressed syllable deletion

A

child deletes one or more syllables from a multisyllabic word

30
Q

consonant cluster reduction

A

two of three consonants get removed from a word

31
Q

active

A

Mary sent a letter

32
Q

passive

A

A letter was sent by mary

33
Q

Some sounds are acquired early, others are acquired late

A

-vowels before consonants
-nasals, stops and glides before others
-sounds are first acquired in the initial position

34
Q

Modal auxiliary

A

will, shall, can, may, must

35
Q

conjoining:

A

two clauses joined by conjunctions
(ex: i like it AND she likes it too. I like it BECAUSE she likes it)

36
Q

preposition

A

AT my school
IN the box

37
Q

conjunctions:

A

because, if, after, until, before, when, …

38
Q

relative clauses:

A

subordinating clauses that follow and modify nouns
(the woman WHO LIVES HERE likes dogs. this is the toy THAT I WANT)

39
Q

participle

A

functions as an adjective
a brokEN bicycle
the boy RIDING the bicycle

40
Q

embedded wh-complements

A

a wh-subordinate clause fills the object function.
(I know WHO DID IT. She knows WHERE HE PUT IT.)

41
Q

object noun-phrase complements

A

a subordinate clause serves as the object of the main clause.

42
Q

greund

A

functions as a noun
always ends in -ing
SKIING is fun. she likes COOKING

43
Q

subordinate clauses:

A

functions as nouns, adjectives, or adverbs in support of the main clause.

44
Q

infinitive

A

i wanted TO DO it.

45
Q

embedding:

A

a phrase or clause becomes a grammatical element of a sentence
(The dog IN MY NEIGHBOR’S HOUSE is big. = phrase)
(The dog THAT LIVES NEXT DOOR is big. = clause)

46
Q

tense

A

present, past, future

47
Q

phrase:

A

a group of words that does not include a subject and a predicate (verb)

48
Q

clause:

A

a group of words that include a subject and a predicate (verb)

49
Q

simple sentence:

A

one clause

50
Q

aspect

A

continuing, completion

51
Q

negative sentences
five types

A

-not, n’t attached to the verb: I can’t do it.
-nobody, nothing: nobody likes it.
-no before nouns: I have no cookies.
-negative adverbs: I’ve never done it before
-negative prefixes: un-, dis-, non-

52
Q

imperative sentences

A

requests, demands, etc.
(throw the ball. give me that)

53
Q

interrogative sentences - questions

A
  • one-word level: with rising intonation
    -what that, where ball, variation of what
54
Q

interrogative sentences - questions (three types)

A

-yes/no
-wh questions
-tags

55
Q

declarative sentences - statements

A

-by 30 months: subject + verb + object
-by 33 months: auxiliary verbs / subject + auxiliary + verb + object

Language Development (13 decks)

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