Chapter 9

Question 1

DEVELOPMENT

Answer 1

The pattern of change in human capabilities that begins at conception and continues throughout the life span.

Question 2

SENSORIMOTOR STAGE

Answer 2

Piaget’s first stage of cognitive development, lasting from birth to about 2 years of age, during which infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with motor (physical) actions.

Question 3

PREOPERATIONAL STAGE

Answer 3

Piaget’s second stage of cognitive development, lasting from about 2 to 7 years of age, during which thought is more symbolic than sensorimotor.

Question 4

CONCRETE OPERATIONAL STAGE

Answer 4

Piaget’s third stage of cognitive development, lasting from about 7 to 11 years of age, during which the individual uses operations and replaces intuitive reasoning with logical reasoning on concrete situations.

Question 5

FORMAL OPERATIONS

Answer 5

Piaget’s fourth stage of cognitive development, which begins at 11 to 15 years of age and continues through the adult years; it features thinking about things that are not concrete, making predictions, and using logic to come up with hypotheses.

Question 6

SCHEMA

Answer 6

Piaget’s term for our organized patterns of thought

Question 7

ASSIMILATION

Answer 7

Piaget’s term to describe an individual’s incorporation of new knowledge into
existing knowledge.

Question 8

ACCOMMODATION

Answer 8

Piaget’s term that refers to a change (adjustment) in cognitive structures that produces corresponding behavioral changes.

Question 9

CONSERVATION

Answer 9

Piaget’s term for the realization that the essence of something remains constant although surface features may change.

Question 10

OBJECT PERMANENCE

Answer 10

Piaget’s term for an infant’s ability to realize that an object or person not within sight still exists.

Question 11

ATTACHMENT

Answer 11

The close emotional bond between and infant and its caregiver.

Question 12

TEMPERMENT

Answer 12

An individual’s behavioral style and characteristic way of responding.

Question 13

AUTHORITARIAN PARENTING

Answer 13

A restrictive, punitive style in parenting in which the parent exhorts the child to follow the parent’s direction.

Question 14

AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING

Answer 14

A parenting style that encourages the child to be independent but still places limits and controls on behavior.

Question 15

NEGLECTFUL PARENTING

Answer 15

A parenting style characterized by a lack of parental involvement in the child’s life.

Question 16

PERMISSIVE PARENTING

Answer 16

A parenting style characterized by the placement of few limits on the child’s behavior.