Chapter 9

Question 1

What are the protective membranes that surround, support and protect the CNS?

Answer 1

Meninges

Question 2

What is the fluid called that bathes, cushions, and aids in transport of materials to and from the CNS?

Answer 2

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Question 3

Efferent

Answer 3

conduct impulses away from the CNS

Question 4

Afferent

Answer 4

conduct impulses toward the CNS

Question 5

Mixed Nerves

Answer 5

may contain both kinds of nerves

Question 6

Which anatomical sections are part of the peripheral nervous system? Select all that apply.

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves
Spinal Cord
Brain

Answer 6

Cranial nerves
Spinal nerves

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the 4 main types of reflexes?

Somatic
Autonomic
Contralateral
Ipsilateral
All of the above

Answer 7

All (Somatic, Autonomic, Contralateral, Ipsilateral)

Question 8

Which part of the brain controls many autonomic functions related to cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal functions?

Answer 8

Brain Stem

Question 9

What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 9

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

Question 10

Crossed extensor reflex

Answer 10

Reflex initiated by a stimulation of a limb that results in extension of the limb on the other side of the body

Question 11

Withdrawal reflex

Answer 11

Reflex arc in which a painful stimulus on the skin causes contraction of the affected limb

Question 12

Palpebral reflex

Answer 12

Reflex closure of the eyelids when the medial canthus of the eyelids is touched

Question 13

Hyperreflexive

Answer 13

Reflex response that is more pronounced than normal

Question 14

Reflexes

Answer 14

A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus

Question 15

Reflex arc

Answer 15

composed of the sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneurons, motor neuron, and target tissue or organ involved with a stimulus and reflex response

Question 16

Pupillary light reflex

Answer 16

Reflex in which light shone into one eye and the pupil constricts in both eyes

Question 17

Stretch reflex

Answer 17

Reflex initiated by stretch receptors within a muscle that results in contraction of the muscle to compensate for the stretching

Question 18

Hyporeflexive

Answer 18

Reflex response that is less than normal

Question 19

What helps keep dangerous poisons and certain drugs from leaving the blood and entering the brain?

Answer 19

Blood-brain barrier

Question 20

What part of the brain is responsible for conscious thought and perception of sensations?

Answer 20

Cerebrum

Question 21

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 21

Dura Mater
Arachnoid
Pia Mater

Question 22

With which branch of the autonomic nervous system are the alpha1, beta1 and beta2 receptors associated?

Answer 22

Sympathetic

Question 23

Absolute refractory period

Answer 23

the period of depolarization-repolarization cycle when the neuron cannot be stimulated to depolarize

Question 24

Threshold stimulus

Answer 24

the minimum stimulus that will generate a nerve impulse

Question 25

Presynaptic neuron

Answer 25

the neuron that is stimulated by the depolarization wave to release a neurotransmitter into the synapse

Question 26

Nerve impulse

Answer 26

A wave of cell membrane depolarization that travels from the point of stimulus down the length of a nerve cell process

Question 27

Telodendron

Answer 27

the branched end of an axon

Question 28

Saltatory conduction

Answer 28

The skipping of depolarization wave in a myelinated axon from one node of Ranvier to the next node of Ranvier

Question 29

Relative refractory period

Answer 29

the period of depolarization-repolarization cycle when the neuron can only be stimulated to depolarize with a greater than normal stimulation

Question 30

Synaptic transmission

Answer 30

The continuation of the nerve impulse across the synapse from one neuron to another or from one neuron to its target cell

Question 31

Synaptic cleft

Answer 31

The physical gap between two communicating neurons or between a neuron and its target cell

Question 32

Synapse

Answer 32

The junction between two neurons or between a neuron and another target cell

Question 33

Terminal bouton

Answer 33

Button at the end of the axon that releases the neurotransmitter

Question 34

Postsynaptic neuron

Answer 34

The neuron that contains the receptors to which a released neurotransmitter binds, causing depolarization or inhibition of depolarization of the neuron

Question 35

Which of the following is not one of the main neurotransmitter categories? Acetylcholine Catecholamines Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Glycine Acetylcholinesterase None of the above

Answer 35

Acetylcholinesterase

Question 36

What are the 2 types of neurotransmitters?

Answer 36

Excitatory Inhibitory

Question 37

What are the gaps between adjacent glial cells called?

Answer 37

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 38

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 38

specialized molecule that helps maintain cell resting state. Pumps sodium to the outside and potassium to the inside

Question 39

Resting state

Answer 39

Neuron is not being stimulated, sodium being pumped out of cell and potassium is being pumped into the cell

Question 40

Depolarization

Answer 40

Neuron receives external stimulus, sodium channels open on neuron cell membrane and sodium ions flow into the cell by passive diffusion

Question 41

Beginning of repolarization

Answer 41

Sodium channels are closing, potassium channels are opening and potassium ions flow out of cell

Question 42

Repolarization

Answer 42

Sufficient outflow of potassium ions restored the net negative charge to inside of cell.

Question 43

What do all three of these have in common? Acetylcholinsterase Monoamine oxidase (MOA) Catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT)

Answer 43

They are all ways that the body uses to stop the effects of neurotransmitters

Question 44

What part of the brain serves as a relay station for impulses going to and from the cerebrum?

Answer 44

Diencephalon

Question 45

What part of the brain is critical for coordination, posture, and fine motor control?

Answer 45

Cerebellum

Question 46

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?

Answer 46

Sympathetic

Question 47

Axon

Answer 47

conduct nerve impulses away from cell

Question 48

Dendrite

Answer 48

receive stimuli

Question 49

Neuroglia cell

Answer 49

Give support and protection to the nerve cell

Question 50

Soma/Perikaryon

Answer 50

Central cell body

Question 51

Which anatomical sections are part of the central nervous system? Select all that apply. Cranial Nerves Brain Spinal Nerves Spinal Cord

Answer 51

Brian Spinal Cord

Question 52

What is the difference between gray matter and white matter?

Answer 52

White matter contains myelinated nerve fibers while Gray matter contains unmyelinated nerve fibers.

Question 53

Gyri

Answer 53

folds that make up the wrinkled appearance of the brain

Question 54

Sulci

Answer 54

shallow grooves

Question 55

Fissures

Answer 55

deep grooves

Question 56

What are the 2 divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 56

Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system

Question 57

Myelinated axons conduct impulses ___________ than those with no myelin.

Answer 57

faster

Question 58

What are the components of the brain?

Answer 58

Cerebrum Cerebellum Diencephalon Brain Stem

Question 59

What is the difference between an excitatory and an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

Answer 59

An excitatory neurotransmitter increases the chances of a neuron firing while the inhibitory neurotransmitter decreases the chances.

Question 60

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 60

Controls the voluntary skeletal muscles

Question 61

Which part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest-and-restore system?

Answer 61

Parasympathetic

Question 62

A nerve cell can reproduce and regenerate.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 63

Controls coordination of body functions