Chapter 9 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Cellular respiration(vocab)equation
c6h12o6+6o2->6co2+6h2o+energy
A series of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions that convert chemical energy into a form that the cell can use(ATP)
Aerobic(vocab)process
Cellular respiration that need oxygen
Anaerobic(vocab)process
Cellular respiration that don’t use oxygen
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis
Are complementary proceses that recycle matter and create energy to fuel life
Inner mitochondrial membrane(vocab)
The inner membrane of the mitochondrion is highly folded and located inside the outer membrane. It contains the proteins needed for the electron transport chain and ATP production (ATP synthase)
Mitochondrial intermembrance space
Fluid-filled area between the inner and outer membrene
Mitochondrial matrix(vocab)
the innermost portion of the mitochondrion where the Krebs cycle reactions take place
Glycolysis(vocab)
a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that break down glucose to pyruvate to produce ATP and NADH
Occurs in the cytoplasm
NADH(vocab)
an electron carrier, or donor, formed from NAD⁺, H⁺, and two high-energy electrons
Plays an important role in the last step of cellular respiration-electron transport chain
Pyruvate(vocab)
A three-carbon molecule made during glycolysis
Krebs cycle(vocab)
in the mitochondrial matrix and releases energy. It uses acetyl-CoA to produce NADH and carbon dioxide
-It helps release stored energy from food.
-It powers the electron transport chain
-helps cells get energy from food
FADH2(vocab)
-in photosynthesis, an electron carrier that carries at most two electrons and two associated hydrogen ions
-an energy-carrying molecule that helps produce ATP in cellular respiration.
Fermentation(vocab)2 types
-A process where cells partially break down pyruvate to release energy when oxygen is not available.
-keeps producing ATP when oxygen is low
1)Alcohol fermentation-pyruvate is broken to create co2 and a 2-carbon compound that electrons to form ethanol
2)lactic acid fermentation-pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH,creating lactic acid(many foods are prepared by this)
How do cells obtain the energy that they need from food?
-Cells break down glucose and get ATP/energy
Where is the electron transport chain located?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
About how many molecule of ATP is formed after one cycle of cellular respiration?
Around 30+
What product do lactic acid and alcohol fermentation have in common?
NAD+
-NAD+ allows glycolysis to continue, so cells can keep making ATP even without oxygen.
Explain the nature of the energy that’s is produced in the cellular respiration reaction(where does it come from)
The energy produced in cellular respiration comes from glucose(stores energy and helps create ATP)
The energy outcome is ATP
Compare photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, and describe the relationship
Opposites
Photosynthesis-stores energy(makes glucose and oxygen), in plants+algae
Aerobic respiration-releases energy(break down glucose and release co2,water, and ATP)animals+plants
Similarities and differences in the structure and functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria
-Chloroplast(photosynthesis)-stores energy(converts sunlight into glucose,Calvin cycle)
-Mitocondria(cellular respiration,Krebs cycle+electron transport chain)breaks down glucose to make ATP
-Both have double membranes and generate energy for the cell
-Difference-chloroplast capture energy while mitocondria releases
Why do runners breathe heavily after a short quick race
Not enough oxygen during sprinting-uses fermentation to make ATP
After the race the body needs extra energy to replenish ATP
(Yeast carries out both fermentation and cellular respiration)when do they use what and which situation do they grow faster
-Uses cellular respiration when oxygen is available(more growth)
-Fermentation when there is no oxygen(less growth)
