Chapter 9

Question 1

leadership

Answer 1

the processes and behaviors used by someone, such as a manager, to motivate, inspire, and influence the behaviors of others

Question 2

trait approach to leadership

Answer 2

approach focused on identifying the essential traits that distinguished leaders

Question 3

behavioral approach to leadership

Answer 3

approach focused on determining what behaviors are employed by leaders

Question 4

task-focued leader behavior

Answer 4

leader behavior focused on how tasks should be performed in order to meet certain goals and to achieve certain performance standards

Question 5

employee-focused leader behavior

Answer 5

leader behavior focused on satisfaction, motivation, and well-being of employees

Question 6

situational approach to leadership

Answer 6

approach that assumes that appropriate leader behavior varies from one situation to another

Question 7

tranformational leadership

Answer 7

set of abilities that allows a leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively

Question 8

transactional leadership

Answer 8

comparable to management, leadership that involves routine, regimented activites

Question 9

charismatic leadership

Answer 9

type of influence based on a leader’s personal charisma

Question 10

leadership substitutes

Answer 10

individual, task, and organizational characteristics that tend to outweight the need for a leader to initiate or direct employee performance

Question 11

strategic leadership

Answer 11

leader’s ability to understand the complexities of both the organization and its environment and to lead change in the organization so as to enhance its competitiveness

Question 12

ethical leadership

Answer 12

leader behaviors that reflect high ethical standards

Question 13

virtual leadership

Answer 13

leadership in settings where leaders and followers interact electronically rather than in face-to-face settings

Question 14

decision making

Answer 14

choosing one alternative from among several options

Question 15

coalition

Answer 15

informal alliance of individuals or groups formed to achieve a common goal

Question 16

intuition

Answer 16

innate belief about something, often without conscious consideration

Question 17

escalation of commitment

Answer 17

condition in which a decision maker becomes so committed to a course of action that she or he statys with it even when it appears to have been wrong

Question 18

risk propensity

Answer 18

extent to which a decision maker is willing to gamble when making a decision