Chapter 9

Question 1

America has a ____ court system

Answer 1

Dual

Question 2

The 2 components of our dual court system are…

Answer 2

1. ) Federal court system

2. ) Sate court system

Question 3

The federal court system is made of what 3 courts?

Answer 3

1. ) Federal courts
2. ) U.S courts of appeal
3. ) U.S Supreme court

Question 4

The state court system is composed of what 3 courts?

Answer 4

1. ) Trial courts
2. ) Appellate courts
3. ) State supreme court

Question 5

The territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by statute or constituion

Answer 5

Jurisdiction

Question 6

The act in 1789…

Answer 6

Federal Judicial court act

Question 7

Which state has their supreme court as their lowest (trail) court?

Answer 7

New York

Question 8

The lawful authority of a court to hear or to act on a case from its beginning and to pass judgement on the law and the facts

Answer 8

Original Jurisdiction

Question 9

The authority found in original jurisdiction may be over a ______ ________ area or over particular types of cases

Answer 9

Specific geographic

Question 10

The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court

Answer 10

Appellate jurisdiction

Question 11

The court authorized by law to hear the final appeal on a matter

Answer 11

State appellate court

Question 12

How many of the “highest appellate” courts does TX have?

Answer 12

2

Question 13

What are the two “highest appellate” courts that TX has?

Answer 13

1 for criminal cases

1 for civil cases

Question 14

Informal hearing places designed to mediate interpersonal disputes without resorting to the more formal arrangements of a criminal trial court

Answer 14

Dispute resolution centers

Question 15

A low-level court that focuses on quality-of-life crimes that erode a neighborhood’s morale

Answer 15

Community court

Question 16

Community court emphasizes…

Answer 16

Problem solving rather than punishment

Question 17

What 2 restorative principles do community courts build on?

Answer 17

1. ) Community service

2. ) Restituion

Question 18

A low-level court that focuses on relatively minor offenses and handles special populations or addresses special issues such as reentry

Answer 18

Specialized court

Question 19

• Trial courts of the federal court system

- Includes bankruptcy court

Answer 19

U.S. district courts

Question 20

Hears appeals from the district courts located within its circuit, as well as appeals from decisions of federal administrative agencies

Answer 20

U.S Court of appeals

Question 21

Greatest authority lies in its capacity for judicial review of lower-court decisions and state and federal statutes

Answer 21

U.S. Supreme court

Question 22

Issued to a lower court when the supreme court agrees to hear a case

Answer 22

Writ of certiorari

Question 23

People that function in and out of court

Answer 23

1. ) Judge
2. ) Prosecution
3. ) Defense counsel
4. ) Bailiff
5. ) Clerk of court
6. ) Stenographer or court reporter
7. ) Expert witness

Question 24

Who…

• Ensures justice
• Is elected or appointed public offcial

Answer 24

Judge

Question 25

7 responsibilities of a judge

Answer 25

1. ) Ruling on most matters of the law 2. ) Weighing objections 3. ) Deciding the admissibility of evidence 4. ) Sentencing offenders 5. ) Disciplining disorderly courtroom attendees 6. ) Deciding guilt or innocence for bench trials 7. ) Role of sentencing guidelines

Question 26

A trial that has no jury and the evidence and decision is determined by the judge only

Answer 26

Bench trial

Question 27

These guidelines were quantify to put into range a possible sentencing

Answer 27

Sentencing guidelines

Question 28

- Nominated by president | - Confirmed by senate

Answer 28

Federal Judges

Question 29

- Popular election - Gubernatorial appointment - Missouri Plan

Answer 29

State judge

Question 30

Hybrid between an election and jury process

Answer 30

Missouri Plan

Question 31

An attorney whose official duty is to conduct criminal proceedings on behalf of the state of the people against those accused of having committed criminal offenses

Answer 31

Persecutor

Question 32

Persecutor's responsibilties

Answer 32

- Supervise staff of assistant district attorneys - Serves as quasi-legal adviser to police - File appeals on behalf of the state - Make presentations to parole baords

Question 33

Prosecutors have a lot of.....

Answer 33

Discretion

Question 34

Generally must be present at their trials

Answer 34

Defendant

Question 35

Defendants exercise choice in in what 6 areas

Answer 35

1. ) Selecting and retaining counsel 2. ) Planning a defense strategy with counsel 3. ) What information is provided to counsel 4. ) What plea to enter 5. ) Whether or not to testify 6. ) If convicted should they appeal

Question 36

A licensed trial lawyer hired or appointed to conduct the legal defense of a person accused of a crime and to represent him or her before a court of law

Answer 36

Defense counsel

Question 37

When the defendants want to defend themselves, and file their own motions and appear without counsel

Answer 37

Pro Se defenses

Question 38

1. ) Assigned counsel 2. ) Public defender 3. ) Contractual arrangements Are 3 different...

Answer 38

Ways to obtain representation

Question 39

Eyewitness, character witness, or other person called on to testify who is not considered an expert

Answer 39

Lay witness

Question 40

What do lay witnesses provide?

Answer 40

Accurate testimony concerning only those things of which he or she has direct knowledge

Question 41

Requires that those who are just witnesses leave the courtroom to keep their testimonies pure

Answer 41

Invoking the rule

Question 42

Offer services to victims of crime in the areas of crisis intervention and follow-up counseling and that helps victims secure their rights under the law

Answer 42

Victim assistance programs

Question 43

A statement read to the judge by the victim to convey how the crime impacted the victim personally for input

Answer 43

Impact statements

Question 44

- 1215 Magna Carta - Article 3 of the US Constitution - 6th Amendment guarantees the right to trials by impartial jurt in the US

Answer 44

Juries

Question 45

A member of a trial or grand jury who has been selected for jury duty and is required to serve as an arbiter of the facts in a court of law

Answer 45

Juror

Question 46

Grand juries wear...

Answer 46

2 hats

Question 47

What are the grand juries 2 hats?

Answer 47

Investigative and charging

Question 48

Reason cases are not _____ in grand jury

Answer 48

Public