Chapter 9 Flashcards
(13 cards)
Behaviorism
science of observable behavioral acts that can be objectively described
German physiologist & zoologist
University of Chicago (zoology)
studied with watson
people warned he was (dangerous)
Jacques Loeb (1859-1924) (Animal psychology Influences on Behavorism)
Tropism
Jacques Loeb
The response usually of a plant or animal to the influences of an external stimulus
PhD at Chicago; zoology
used word “behavior” in publication reviewed by Watson
Taught high school to have more time to observe insects
trial and error work on cockroaches
Charles Henry Turner (1867-1923)
Animal psychology influences on Behavorism
Introduced rat maze (1900)
Clark University; mentalist descriptions
(what the rat was thinking)
Willard Small
Animal psychology influences on Behaviorism
Taught animal psych at Cornell
- Titchner’s 1st doctoral student
- first psych PhD for woman (1894)
- first US comparative book (the animal mind-1908)
- Anthropomorphism
- editor for American journal of psychology
- president of APA in 1921
Margaret Floy Washburn (1871-1939)
animal psychology influences on behaviorism
Anthropomorphism
all psychic interpretation of animal behavior must be on the analogy of human experience
- dissertation at Columbia with Cattel
- first dissertation to use non human animal subjects
- animal intelligence study of the associative processes in animals published in 1898
- mentalist- discomfort, dissatisfaction in non human animals exist, but trend is away from antrhropomorphism
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)
animal psychology influences on behaviorism
- initially studied at harvard with james; used chicks to study maze learning
- switched to dogs and cats - designed puzzle boxes to study trial and error
- founder of educational psychology
- published animal intelligence
- same laws of learning applies to all animals (even humans)
- became wealthy- copyright and sold intelligence measurment instruments . published more than 500 books
- president of APA in 1912
Edward Lee Thorndike (1874-1949)
animal psychology influences on behaviorism
- Russian physiologist who is credited with discovering classical conditioning
- demonstrated learning in non-human animals with no reference to consciousness
- conditioning model suggested obvious applications
Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (1849-1936)
animal psychology influences on behaviorism
- investigating digestion
- salvitation to food was reflexive
- pairing bell to delivery of food led to “psychic secretions” in response to bell
- recognized significance of “conditional reflexes” and this became focus of his research in 1890 and early 1900s
- published conditioned reflexes (1927)- work not fully translated to english until i1927
- Nobel prize for medicine and physiology (1903)
- tolerated by soviet union
Ivan Petrovitch Pavlov (1849-1936)
animal psychology influences on behaviorism
Graduate student of Witmer at University of Pennsylvania
- serendipitously discovered and published (1902 in dissertation) reflexive condition of patellar tendon response (knee Jerk)
- professor at U of penn and directed corrective speech clinic
E.B. Twitmyer (1873-1943)
- Russian psychologist and neurophysiologist
- applied conditioned reflex research to motor responses of humans
- pioneer in nervous system diseases
- wrote extensively- over 800 publications
- advanced paranoia( diagnosed Stalin )
- poisoned at Bolshoi theater buffet and died
- office and files burned, son murdered
- Stalin had his name expunged from all Russian documents
Vladimir Bekheterev (1857-1927)
