Chapter 9

Question 1

What is kinematics?

Answer 1

Spatial and timing characteristics of motion of the human body without reference to forces causing the motion

Question 2

What is kinetics?

Answer 2

The internal or external forces that cause movement

Question 3

What is quantitative analysis?

Answer 3

Measuring

Question 4

What is qualitative analysis?

Answer 4

Visual or aural analyses of performance

Question 5

What are internal forces?

Answer 5

Forces generated by muscle pulling on bone via their tendons

And

Bone-on-bone forces exerted across joint surfaces

Question 6

What are external forces?

Answer 6

Forces acting upon the body from without (gravity)

Question 7

What is biomechanics?

Answer 7

Science examining internal and external forces acting on the body and the effects produced by these forces

Question 8

What are the 3 models of human motion analysis?

Answer 8

Particle model
Stick figure model
Rigid body segment model

Question 9

What is linear motion?

Answer 9

When all parts of the body move the same distance , in the same direction

Question 10

What is another term used for linear movement?

Answer 10

Translation

Question 11

Define translation

Answer 11

Movement of the body as a unit without individual segment parts of the body moving in relation to one another

Question 12

What is angular motion, or rotation?

Answer 12

When a body moves on a circular path and in the same direction

Question 13

What is the axis of rotation?

Answer 13

The line about which bodies rotate

Question 14

What is general motion?

Answer 14

Combination of linear and angular motion

Question 15

What is mass?

Answer 15

The measure of how much matter an object has

Question 16

What is inertia?

Answer 16

The property of objects to stay in motion or at rest unless acted upon by an outside force

Question 17

What are the 4 questions of kinematics?

Answer 17

How far
How long
How fast
How consistent was the motion

Question 18

What is Newton’s 1st law of motion?

Answer 18

Inertia: objects will not change their state of motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced external force

Question 19

Define torque, or moment of force.

Answer 19

When a force causes angular motion

Question 20

What is angular kinetics?

Answer 20

The rotation about an axis of rotation and the control of these rotations

Question 21

What components comprise lever systems?

Answer 21

An axis of rotation (fulcrum)

Lever attached to fulcrum

Question 22

What is the force arm?

Answer 22

Distance from axis to where the force is applied

Question 23

What is the resistance arm (RA)?

Answer 23

Distance from the axis to where the resistance is applied

Question 24

What is the formula for torque?

Answer 24

Force arm (FA) x force

Question 25

How many types of levers are there?

Answer 25

3

Question 26

What is Newton’s second law of motion?

Answer 26

Acceleration: for linear movements, acceleration a body experiences is directly proportional to the force causing it and takes places in the same direction as the force

Question 27

What is the formula for acceleration?

Answer 27

F = m x a

Question 28

What is the Magnus effect?

Answer 28

The net difference in pressure on opposite sides of a rotating body generating a force that changes the bodies direction or flight path (topspin, curveball)

Question 29

What is stability?

Answer 29

Measure of the easy or difficulty with which equilibrium can be disturbed

Question 30

What factors effect stability?

Answer 30

Base of support size (bigger support = greater stability Body mass (more mass, harder to move) Center of gravity (lower center of gravity = more stability Increase horizontal distance between the intersection of the vertical line from the center of mass intersecting with the base of support and outside edge of the base of support

Question 31

What 4 steps are used to teach via qualitative analysis?

Answer 31

Preparation Observation Evaluation Error correction

Question 32

The fluid through which a body moves generates what?

Answer 32

Surface and profile drag

Question 33

What is profile drag?

Answer 33

The air turbulence produced by an objects shape and size as it moves through air

Question 34

What is surface drag? (Skin friction)

Answer 34

Caused by surface toughness as a body moves through air

Question 35

Particle models are used for what?

Answer 35

When the object is airborne or in flight

Question 36

When is the stick figure model used?

Answer 36

Used when athletes are in contact with the ground or other earthbound objects

Question 37

When is the rigid body segment model used?

Answer 37

When a sophisticated 3D is used to represent each body segment