Chapter 9 Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is language?
- System of arbitrary vocal sounds
- Enables humans to communicate with each other in ways not seen among other animals
- Use to encode one’s Spencerian of the world and of others
- Key component of human symbolic creativity.
What is linguistics?
Scientific study of language
What is language (bio-cultural)?
- Human brain and anatomy of the mouth and throat give humans the capacity for language
- Language are cultural products embedded in meanings and behavioral patterns
How so anthropologist recognize it?
The way people use language provides clues to hoe they understand their world and themselves
What are the Anthropological studies of language?
- Symbolic language permits humans to communicate, but set up barriers as well
- Cultural factors shape language use
- There is not single best way for humans to communicate their experiences
- A common code within the larger speech community counters individual efforts to create a unique voice
How do all modern human groups have fully developed languages?
- Language are not simply an elaboration of the call system used by out ancestors
- Language use symbols that arbitrarily stand for something else
Is learning a new language challenging?
- Not simple a matter of learning new labels
- Must learn the cultural context of words
What is speech?
Spoken language?
What is language can be communicated in unspoken ways?
- Writing
- Morse code
- American Sign Language
What is Human communication?
Transfer of information from one person to another.
What is Human Communication beyond unspoken and spoken language?
- Clothing
- Length of time (people keep others waiting for them)
- Body gestures of Kinesics
- The acceptable distance between two or more people in a social setting or proxemics
What is speech communitities language associate with discreate groups?
- Members do not possess identical knowledge about their language
- Individuals and subgroups use linguistic resources in different ways
- Tensions arise in language between diversity and commonality
Qhat is cross-cultural differences in language ?
-Context
Frequency of occurrence
What are Anthropologist linguist Charles Hockett lists sixteen design features, of which six are particularly important?
- Openness
- Arbitrariness
- Duality of patterning
- Displacement
- Semanticity
- Prevarication
What are call systems?
Shared by humans and other primates
What are patterning in language involves?
- Morphemes (units of meaning)
- Syntax (sentence structure)
- Semantics (meaning)
- Pragmatics (use of language)
What is grammar?
Set of rules that seek to fully describe the patterns of linguistic use by members of a particular speech community
What is morphology?
Study of how words are put together (morphemes), or word structure
What is phonology?
Study of the sound (phonemes) of language
How do children learn language?
- The rules of grammar
- Speech appropriate to a social context
What is linguistic competence?
Refers to the mastery of adult grammar
What is communicative competence?
The mastery of adult roles for socially and culturally appropiate speech
What is linguistic relativity preniciple?
suggest that language has the power to shape the way people see the world
What is linguistic determinism?
REduces petterns of thought and culture to the grammatical patterns of the language spoken
