Chapter 9

Question 1

Where do pelagic organisms live? Water column or seafloor?

Answer 1

Water Column

Question 2

Epipelagic depth range?

Answer 2

0-200 m

Question 3

Mesopelagic Depth range?

Answer 3

200-1000 m

Question 4

Bathypelagic depth range?

Answer 4

1000-2000m

Question 5

Abyssopelagic depth range?

Answer 5

2000-6000 m

Question 6

Hadopelagic depth range

Answer 6

Greater than 6000 m

Question 7

Where do benthic organisms live? Water column or seafloor?

Answer 7

Seafloor

Question 8

Intertidal depth and zone?

Answer 8

Between low and high tide

Question 9

Sublittoral depth and zone?

Answer 9

pretty much the continental shelf, depth reaches 200 m

Question 10

What is an adaptation?

Answer 10

trait or characteristic that increases the chance of survival

Question 11

Adaptive Coloration?

Answer 11

• Blending into background
• Camouflage
• Color patterns and textures that help hide an organism

Question 12

Adaptive countershading?

Answer 12

Animal is light colored on one side and dark colored on the other

Question 13

Adaptive bioluminescence?

Answer 13

• Chemical reaction in the organism releases light
• No heat released
• Similar to fireflies

Question 14

Vertical migration adaptation?

Answer 14

• Organisms hide in the dark, depths during the day

* Move to surface to feed at night when it is harder to see them

Question 15

Adaptive eye size?

Answer 15

Larger eyes to detect light in deeper, darker waters

Question 16

Symbiotic relationship adaptation?

Answer 16

•Mutually beneficial

Example: An anemone provides protection from predators to a clownfish. The clownfish cleans the anemone by eating and brushing off bacteria.

Question 17

Adaptive appendages

Answer 17

More appendages help organisms “float” in less dense (warmer) water

Question 18

How do baleen plates aid in obtaining food? Which organisms have baleen plates?

Answer 18

Trap food in.

Whales

Question 19

What adaptations do brown algae have that allow it to grow to heights of tens of meters?

Answer 19

• Grows in intertidal zone or in giant forests on the continental shelf
• Have gas-filled floats to keep their leaves floating
• Grow 30-40 m tall

Question 20

What is a tide pool? What conditions do organisms in a tide pool need to adapt to?

Answer 20

Pool of water left over when the tide goes out.

-Wet and dry conditions-high variations in temperature and salinity-Protection from predators on land as well as from the ocean

Question 21

-Where are sea grass beds found?

Answer 21

Always covered in water.

Question 22

What activities threaten sea grass?

Answer 22

–Water pollution
–Sediment run-off from land
–Dredging

Question 23

What is a salt marsh?

Answer 23

• Never completely covered by water
• Salt tolerant plants
• High productivity

Question 24

What trophic level does kelp occupy?

Answer 24

producer

Question 25

What is the primary productivity in a kelp forest like?

Answer 25

high

Question 26

-What conditions are necessary for coral to live? (temperature, clarity, depth)

Answer 26

–Water temperature from 23°to 25°C –Clear water

Question 27

-What is a polyp?

Answer 27

Individual coral animals

Question 28

What are zooxanthellae? What is their relationship with coral?

Answer 28

* Zooxanthellae are algae that live in coral polyps * Zooxanthellae are protected by the polyp * The coral receives energy from the zooxanthellae

Question 29

-What are some possible threats to coral?

Answer 29

fishing, sewage, water temp

Question 30

How does a fringe reef form?

Answer 30

* Start as a fringing reef | * Grow in patches around and on sides of volcano

Question 31

How does a barrier reef form?

Answer 31

A barrier reef is a circular reef surrounding a partially eroded volcano

Question 32

How does an atoll reef form?

Answer 32

* The final step: an Atoll forms * An atoll is a circular reef surrounding a shallow lagoon * The volcano has eroded below sea level

Question 33

What is an infauna?

Answer 33

live in the sediment

Question 34

Epifauna?

Answer 34

Live on the sediment

Question 35

cartilaginous fish

Answer 35

Sharks, rays

Question 36

Sharks are filter feeders sometimes?

Answer 36

true,

Question 37

What is schooling?

Answer 37

Confuses predators –Use less energy to swim long distances

Question 38

Marine Mammal Characteristics

Answer 38

* Warm blooded * Breathe air * Bear live young * Nurse their young * Have hair or fur sometime in their life

Question 39

What are some of the adaptations that allow mammals to live in the ocean?

Answer 39

streamlined shape for efficient movement through viscous medium, with no protruding ears, and little or no hair to slow them down. insulating blubber, a thick layer of fat and oil, which keeps their bodies warm and buoyant.

Question 40

Name and describe some marine mammals?

Answer 40

Whale, dolphin, seals

Question 41

Difference between baleen whale and tooth whale?

Answer 41

Teeth instead of baleen

Question 42

What are pinnipeds? Do they have fur? What are their flippers like?

Answer 42

* Swimming flippers * Come ashore to breed, and rear young * Seals, Sea Lions, Sea otters

Question 43

Adaptation of penguin?

Answer 43

* Do not fly * Swim * Dive 250 m deep

Question 44

What conditions would an organism need to be adapted to in order to survive life in a tide pool?

Answer 44

-Wet and dry conditions-high variations in temperature and salinity-Protection from predators on land as well as from the ocean

Question 45

Which organism lives in warm (less dense) water?

Answer 45

it needs more appendages in warmer water because it is harder to float in the less dense water).

Question 46

What conditions would an organism need to be adapted to in order to survive life in a tide pool?

Answer 46

-Wet and dry conditions-high variations in temperature and salinity-Protection from predators on land as well as from the ocean