Chapter 7

Question 1

Define Coast

Answer 1

transition zone between land and ocean

Question 2

Define coastline

Answer 2

Farthest inland extent of storm waves

Question 3

Define Shore

Answer 3

land between low tide line and coastline

Question 4

Define shoreline

Answer 4

actual edge of water-changes daily with tides and storms

Question 5

Define intertidal zone

Answer 5

part of the shore between low tide and high tide

Question 6

Define backshore

Answer 6

only covered with water during the highest spring tides

Question 7

Define foreshore

Answer 7

between high and low tide

Question 8

Define nearshore

Answer 8

between low tide and breaker line-waves interact with the seafloor here-longshore bars and troughs are found here.

Question 9

What is a longshorebar? In which season are they large?

Answer 9

Shallow sea floor that makes waves break on them because they are shallow.

Question 10

Summer beaches

Answer 10

•Sand moves onshore•Wide and sandy berm•Smaller or no longshorebar•More deposition than erosion•Smaller and more gentle waves

Question 11

Winter beaches

Answer 11

•Sand moves offshore•Large longshorebar•Rocky beach•More erosion than deposition•Larger waves

Question 12

What is wave refraction?

Answer 12

–Waves bend upon entering shallow water–Result of friction–Bend towards shoreline–See Figure to the left•The white lines represent the crest of waves

Question 13

Describe swash

Answer 13

the breaking wave runs up onto the beach

Question 14

Describe backwash

Answer 14

the wave flows straight back to the ocean

Question 15

What is a longshore current?

Answer 15

•Waves (swash) strike the beach at an angle•Backwash leaves beach •Together the swash and backwash make a zigzag path down the beach

Question 16

What is a long shore drift?

Answer 16

is water or sand or anything drifting because the waves crash at an angle to the shore line.

Question 17

What is causing the longshore current and longshoredrift to form?

Answer 17

waves coming in at an angle

Question 18

What is the purpose of a breakwater

Answer 18

Protector harbors from waves

Question 19

Purpose of Jetties?

Answer 19

Protect mouth of harbor or stream from closing off due to longshoredrift

Question 20

Purpose of a groin?

Answer 20

Purpose is to widen beach

Question 21

Purpose of a seawall?

Answer 21

Protect beaches, roads, buildings form waves

Question 22

How does a rip current form? What should you do if you are caught in one?

Answer 22

Form when there is a break in a longshorebar•Water flows away from the coast in the break

Question 23

What is a wetland?

Answer 23

Coastal area submerged at least part of the time-usually during high tide

Question 24

Why are wetlands important?

Answer 24

•Filter pollution out of seawater•Trap sediment and build up land•Nurseries and habitat for coastal marine life•Support salt tolerant grasses and plants •Protects coastal areas from storm wavesChapter

Question 25

Describe two types of wetlands.

Answer 25

Salt Marsh Mangrove Swamps

Question 26

What is an estuary?

Answer 26

Partially isolated body of water where fresh and saltwater mix

Question 27

Four types of Estuary?

Answer 27

Coastal Plain Estuary Bar-Built Estuary Tectonic Estuary Fjord

Question 28

What is a tropical cyclone?

Answer 28

a localized, very intense low-pressure wind system, forming over tropical oceans and with winds of hurricane force.

Question 29

Where do tropical cyclones form?

Answer 29

In the tropics....tropic of cancer to tropic of Capricorn.

Question 30

Describe a storm surge?

Answer 30

Extreme waves above high tide

Question 31

Where do hurricanes originate?

Answer 31

Typically form between 5 to 20 °N or S of the Equator

Question 32

What is the minimum wind speed for a tropical cyclone to be classified as a hurricane?

Answer 32

wind speeds of 74 mph, keeps name given when classified as a tropical storm

Question 33

What is the eye of the hurricane?

Answer 33

center, winds calm, little or no rain, skies clear

Question 34

What is the eyewall of the hurricane?

Answer 34

most intense part of storm, highest winds, heaviest rain

Question 35

What three conditions are necessary for tropical cyclones to form?

Answer 35

1. high sea-surface temperatures (>80°F)2. Weak winds aloft3. Coriolis deflection (causes rotation)

Question 36

What do you call a hurricane in the Indian Ocean?

Answer 36

•“Cyclones” –South Pacific and Indian Ocean

Question 37

What do you call a hurricane in the West Pacific?

Answer 37

Typhoons north of the equator and cyclones south

Question 38

Tropical Disturbance progression

Answer 38

low air pressure, group of organized thunderstorms

Question 39

Tropical depression progression

Answer 39

sustained wind speeds of 23 mph

Question 40

Tropical Storm progression

Answer 40

wind speeds of 39 mph, given a name at this point

Question 41

Hurricane progression

Answer 41

wind speeds of 74 mph, keeps name given when classified as a tropical storm

Question 42

When is it assigned a name? How are they named?

Answer 42

•Start at beginning of alphabet•Alternate male-female names•The next year begins with the opposite gender•2019-Andrea (female), Barry (male), Chantal (female), Dorian (male), Erin (female)•2020-Arthur (male), Bertha (female), Cristobal (male), Dolly (female), Edouard(male)•The next year starts at the top of the new list, even if all the names were not used.

Question 43

Describe three hazards with hurricanes?

Answer 43

•Storm Surge–Extreme high waves•Flooding•Intense Wind

Question 44

What is the Saffir-Simpson Scale? What factors is it based on?

Answer 44

•Scale of 1 to 5•Classify hurricanes based on–Air pressure–Wind speed