Chapter 9

Question 1

Arabian Peninsula (surrounded by what water? when did islam come?)

Answer 1

peninsula surrounded by the Red sea on the left, the Arabian Sea under and the Persian Gulf to the right
islam came here in 600s CE

Question 2

Arab

Answer 2

of or relating to middle East or Arabian Peninsula

Question 3

Bedoiuns

Answer 3

nomadic Arabs of the desert

migrated from place to place with livestock

Question 4

Caliph

Answer 4

the chief Muslim civil and religious ruler, regarded as the successor of Muhammad

Question 5

mesopotamia is in which modern day country?

Answer 5

Iraq

Question 6

the persians were in which modern day country?

Answer 6

iran

Question 7

Mecca

Answer 7

bustling market town at the
crossroads between two main caravan routes
was also a thriving pilgrimage center
traders would come to worship but also trade

Question 8

Ka’ba

Answer 8

Arabs came to pray at the Ka’ba, an ancient shrine the Muslims today believe was built by the prophet Abraham
box that was for more than one god but then Muhammad put a rock the midde that was the rock of Abraham

Question 9

Muhammad

Answer 9

successful merchant
troubled by idol worship and moral ills of society
desert cave to meditate
Recite! What shall I recite? Recite the name of your God, the Creator, who created man from clots of blood.
It was angel Gabriel calling him to be the messenger of God
devoted the rest of his life to spreading Islam
In 622 CE, faced with the threat of murder, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Yathrib - a journey
known as the hijra

Question 10

difference between Muslim and Islam

Answer 10

muslim is one who submits and Islam is from the Arabic word for “submission”

Question 11

Allah

Answer 11

God

Question 12

Medina

Answer 12

Yathrib place where Muhammad and his followers fled to this place
was renamed Medina, or “City of the
Prophet”

Question 13

Hijra

Answer 13

Muhammad’s journey (year one on the muslim calendar)

Question 14

what is year one on the muslim calendar

Answer 14

622 CE (BH and AH)

Question 15

622 CE

Answer 15

n 622 CE, faced with the threat of murder, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Yathrib - a journey known as the hijra

Question 16

The Qur’an

Answer 16

arabic for “reading” or “recitation”
teaches that God is all powerful and compassionate
kinda like a law book

Question 17

dome of the rock

Answer 17

in jerusalem
built above a rock form which muslimc believe Muhammad had risen to heaven
the oldest islamic building in the world

Question 18

five pillars of islam

Answer 18

1) Declaration of faith- there is no god but god (muhammad was the last and greatest prophet)
2) daily prayer- pray five times a day facing mecca
3) giving charity to poor
4) fasting from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan
5) the hajj- pilgrimage to Mecca

Question 19

Abu Bakr

Answer 19

Muhammad’s father in law
said that you should stop moping around and pray
became the first caliph
successfully ruled for two years
He sent out military expeditions *Collected taxes
*Dealt with tribes on behalf of the enBre community
*Led the community in prayer
He was succeeded by: Umar

Question 20

Caliph

Answer 20

successor to Muhammad

Question 21

Umma

Answer 21

A community that consisted of those who shared a religious faith and commitment, rather than a tribal tie

Question 22

Theocracy

Answer 22

system of government led by a religion/ religious leaders

Question 23

Byzantine Empire and Persian (Sasanid) Empire

Answer 23

Fighting with each other and this gave the Muslims the oppurtunity to move in since they were both weakened

Question 24

caliphate

Answer 24

the person to enforce the Qur’an

Question 25

Umar

Answer 25

came after Abu Bakr Umar exerted his authority over the Bedouin tribes involved in ongoing conquests succeeded by: Uthman

Question 26

Uthman

Answer 26

``` came after Umar authorized the Qur'an accused of using his position to put his family in powerful jobs assassinated (maybe by Ali) succeeded by: Ali ```

Question 27

Ali

Answer 27

He was appointed after Uthman was assassinated He was not recognized by the Umayyad family as legitimate Civil war broke out and Ali was assassinated

Question 28

Reasons for Success of Muslims VERY IMPORTANT

Answer 28

1) weakness of the byzantine and persian empires 2) many people in the fertile crescent welcomed the Arabs as liberators from harsh Byzantine or Persian rule 3) Bold, efficient fighting methods also contributed to (nomadic) 4) the muslim practice of establishing garrison cities facilitated expansion 5) common faith the united the Muslim army

Question 29

jihad

Answer 29

``` holy war (struggle) sixth pillar of islam lots of interpretations ```

Question 30

Mu'awiya

Answer 30

Uthman's cousin a member of the powerful Umayyad family civil war raged between followers of Ali and followers of Mu'awiya Ali was assassinated; Mu'awiya won and founded the Umayyad Dynasty with its capital in Damascus

Question 31

Damascus

Answer 31

Capital of the Umayyad Dynasty

Question 32

Shi'ites

Answer 32

supporters of Ali descendants of Muhammad the caliph is a leader AND a religious authority

Question 33

Sunnis

Answer 33

caliph should be chosen by leaders of the Muslim community | caliph is a leader, not a religious authority

Question 34

imam

Answer 34

The leader in community prayer

Question 35

Mosque of Cordoba

Answer 35

in Cordoba, Spain; built as a church but became a mosque; most accomplished monument of the Umayyad (striped arches)

Question 36

Cordoba, Spain

Answer 36

where the Mosque of Cordoba is

Question 37

Grand Mosque of Damascus

Answer 37

in Damascus; contains John the Baptist's head

Question 38

Abbassid Dynasty

Answer 38

Founded by Abu' al Abbas; new capital in Baghdad

Question 39

Abu’ al Abbas

Answer 39

led a rebellion against the Umayyads; in 750 captured Damascus and conquered the Umayyads, then founded the Abbassid Dynasty

Question 40

al Mansur

Answer 40

Abu' al Abbas's successor; founded the city of Baghdad

Question 41

Baghdad

Answer 41

capital city of Abbissid Dynasty; in ancient Mesopotamia (now Iraq); founded by al Mansur

Question 42

minarets

Answer 42

slender towers of mosques where Muezzin climbed to call the faithful to prayer

Question 43

Muezzin

Answer 43

a man who calls Muslims to prayer from a minaret of a mosque

Question 44

sultan

Answer 44

"he with authority"

Question 45

The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

Answer 45

also called Arabian Nights; most well-known fiction from the Islamic world; (Aladdin, Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves)

Question 46

Ayyubids

Answer 46

Shi'ite clan who overran Iraq and occupied Baghdad

Question 47

Seljuk Turks

Answer 47

migrated to the Middle East from Central Asia; adopted Islam and built a large empire across the Fertile Crescent

Question 48

Madrasa

Answer 48

A school for the study of Islam law and religious science

Question 49

sheik

Answer 49

tribal chief

Question 50

fatwas

Answer 50

legal opinions

Question 51

Sufism

Answer 51

Muslim mystics who sought communication with God through meditation, fasting, and other rituals

Question 52

Dervish

Answer 52

member of the Sufi order

Question 53

infidel

Answer 53

a person who does not accept a particular faith