Chapter 9

Question 1

Concepts used

Answer 1

• Conservation of Resources
• Reduction of waste
• Energy and Water Efficiency

Question 2

Farms designed to maximize sustainability

Answer 2

• Chemical pesticide and synthetic fertilizer use is minimized.
• Hydroponic stations supplied by rainwater produce herbs, lettuce, and shiitake mushrooms.
• Off-campus food sources are kept local whenever possible.

Question 3

Iowa before European Colonization

Answer 3

85-89% ,

now 99% is gone making us one of the most altered landscapes in the world

Question 4

Glacial Till

Answer 4

• Unsorted (huge variety of sizes) sediment transported and deposited by a glacier.
• The material is sourced from wherever the glacier ground over the bedrock.
• The sediment gets deposited as the glacier melts backward.

Question 5

Addition of rotting organic material at the top and weathering bedrock at the bottom create a mixture that facilitates agriculture

Answer 5

Soil

O Horizon - human or organic material
A Horizon - Topsoil
E Horizon - Leaching
B Horizon - Subsoil
C Horizon - Weathered parent material
R Horizon - Bedrock

Question 6

Soil

Answer 6

Clay
Sand
Silt

Question 7

Mesolithic: 12,000-9,000 BCE

Answer 7

Starts with the most recent glacial retreat and ending with the beginning of agriculture.

Question 8

Neolithic Revolution

Answer 8

AKA Agricultural Revolution

• Resulted in nutritional short comings
• Resulted in rapid changes in technology
• Timing varied slightly
• Fertile Crescent- 11,000 BCE
• North America 4,000 BCE

Question 9

Green Revolution

Answer 9

Between the 1930s and 1960s technology transfers from Devoloped Nations to Developing Nations as an attempt to reduce famine.

Question 10

What did the Green Revolution do?

Answer 10

• Focused on introduction of high yield and drought resistant varieties
• Introduced chemical fertilizers to increase yields
• Introduced mechanization

Question 11

Sustainable Agriculture

Answer 11

• Realizing some of the effects of mechanized, chemically intense methods are having negative consequences
• Mitigating some of those consequences
• Focused on water contamination and use
• Fertilizer use
• Pollinator die offs

Question 12

History of Agriculture

Answer 12

• Mesolithic: 12,000-9,000 BCE
• Starts with the most recent
  glacial retreat and ending
  with the beginning of
  agriculture.