Chapter 9

Question 1

absolute zero

Answer 1

the lowest temperature theoretically possible; the temperature at which all molecular motion ceases.

Question 2

barometer

Answer 2

a device for measuring atmospheric pressure

Question 3

barometric pressure

Answer 3

the local value of atmospheric pressure.

Question 4

boiling point

Answer 4

the temperature at which a substance enters a phase transition from a liquid to a gas (or vapor), or vice versa.

Question 5

brittleness

Answer 5

a physical property that describes a substance’s tendency to shatter

Question 6

chemical property

Answer 6

a property that describes chemical reactions a substance will or will not engage in.

Question 7

combustion

Answer 7

a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with oxygen to produce heat and flame.

Question 8

compressive strength

Answer 8

a physical property that describes the ability of a substance to withstand crushing forces.

Question 9

corrosion

Answer 9

the destructive oxidation of metal.

Question 10

density

Answer 10

the ratio of mass for a substance; the physical property that describes the amount of mass in a given volume.

Question 11

ductility

Answer 11

a physical property, typical of many metals, that indicates that a substance can be drawn into a wire by pulling the substance through a die (a metal block with a hole in it).

Question 12

elasticity

Answer 12

a physical property that describes a substances ability to stretch without breaking or becoming permanently deformed.

Question 13

electrical conductivity

Answer 13

a physical property that describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. metals typically have a high electrical conductivity.

Question 14

evaporation

Answer 14

when a substance undergoes the phase transition from a liquid to a vapor without first being heated to boiling point.

Question 15

flammable

Answer 15

a physical property that describes a substance’s ability to burn. combustable.

Question 16

hardness

Answer 16

a physical property that describes a substance’s ability to resist scratching.

Question 17

heat of fusion

Answer 17

the energy required to melt a solid substance while keeping its temperature the same.

Question 18

heat of vaporization

Answer 18

the energy required to vaporize (boil) a liquid substance while keeping its temperature the same.

Question 19

incompressibility

Answer 19

a property of solids and liquids, since they typically do not change in volume when under pressure (at least not much).

Question 20

inflammable

Answer 20

flammable.

Question 21

luster

Answer 21

shininess; a physical property.

Question 22

malleability

Answer 22

a physical property that indicates a substance’s ability to be hammered into thin sheets; typical of many metals.

Question 23

melting point

Answer 23

the temperature at which a substance undergoes the phase transition from a solid to a liquid or vice versa.

Question 24

oxidation

Answer 24

when an atom loses electrons to become a positively charged ion.

Question 25

phase diagram

Answer 25

a graph of temp. vs. energy for a particular substance, showing at least one phase transition.

Question 26

phase transition

Answer 26

the process of a substance changing phase from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, solid to gas, etc.

Question 27

physical property

Answer 27

a non-chemical characteristic of a substance.

Question 28

plasma

Answer 28

an ionized gas, recognized as one of the four phases of matter, the other three being solid, liquid ,or gas (vapor).

Question 29

pressure

Answer 29

the amount of force present per unit area on a surface

Question 30

shear strength

Answer 30

a physical property that describes a substance's ability to withstand shearing forces (forces that tend to cut a substance in two).

Question 31

sublimation

Answer 31

a phase transition in which a substance transitions from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid phase.

Question 32

tensile strength

Answer 32

a physical property that indicates a substance's ability to withstand stretching forces.

Question 33

thermal conductivity

Answer 33

a physical property that indicates the ability of a substance to conduct heat.

Question 34

thermal properties

Answer 34

properties that describe how a substance acts as it is heated.

Question 35

vapor

Answer 35

the gaseous phase of matter; a term applied to describe the gaseous state of substances that are solids or liquids at room temperature.

Question 36

vaporization

Answer 36

the process of transitioning to a vapor phase; boiling.