Chapter 9- Acids & Bases Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 9- Acids & Bases Deck (25)
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1
Q

Acid

A

A chemical substance that donates a H+ to a solution

2
Q

Base

A

Accepts H+ in a solution

3
Q

Weak acid/base vs strong acid/base

A

Weak- partially dissociates when dissolved in water (less effect on pH)

Strong- completely 100% dissociates when dissolved in water (big impact on pH)

4
Q

Weak acids

A
Thiopental
Barbiturates
Phenobarbital 
Methotrexate
TCAs
Aspirin
5
Q

Weak bases

A

Local anesthetics:
Lidocaine
Amphetamine
Morphine

6
Q

Ionized form

A

Water soluble (lipid insoluble)

Cannot cross cell membrane

7
Q

Non-ionized form

A

Lipid soluble (water insoluble)

Can cross cell membrane

8
Q

pKa

A

The pH at which 50% of drug is ionized and 50% is non-ionized (1:1)

9
Q

When pH is less than pKa…

A

Increased HA (non-ionized form of acid) and BH+ (ionized form of base) predominate

10
Q

When pH is greater than pKa…

A

Increased A- (ionized for of acid) and B (non-ionized form of base) predominate

11
Q

Acidic drug + acidic media =?

A

Non-ionized form (lipid soluble)

12
Q

Acidic drug + basic media =?

A

Ionized form (water soluble)

13
Q

Basic drug + basic media =?

A

Non-ionized form (lipid soluble)

14
Q

Basic drug + acidic media =?

A

Ionized form (water soluble)

15
Q

Weak acid is stored in what?

A

High pH solution

Ionized form will not precipitate

16
Q

Weak base is mixed and stored in what?

A

Low pH solution

Ionized form will not precipitate

17
Q

State of equilibrium

A

When there is balance b/w reactants and products

18
Q

Le Châtelier’s Principle

Law of Equilibrium

A

When a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition

(Compensation)

19
Q

“Ion trapping” drug elimination

A

Ionized species get trapped and cannot transport back to blood ➡️
Excreted in urine

20
Q

Treatment of aspirin overdose

A

Alkalinize the urine (increasing urinary pH) with NaHCO3

Ionized form will predominate and excrete in urine

21
Q

Most important ECF buffer

A

Bicarbonate

22
Q

Important renal tubular buffers?

A

Phosphate (HPO4-)

Ammonia (NH3 + H+= NH4+)

23
Q

Important intracellular buffers

A

Proteins

60-70% of buffering is done in the cells

24
Q

Treatment of amphetamine overdose

A

Acidify urine with ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)

25
Q

How do you get rid of NH3 in hepatic encephalopathy

A

I’m cirrhosis, lover unable to metabolize NH3 (base)

Give lactulose, will convert into lactic acid

Acid+base= ionized form (NH4+)
Cannot reabsorb so gets excreted from gut