Chapter 9 Airway, Respiration And Artificial Ventilation

Question 1

Basic idea of ventilation

Answer 1

The moving of air in and out of the lungs.
- required for effective oxygen and respiration

Question 2

Inhalation process

Answer 2

Inhalation- active part of ventilation. Diaphragm and intercostal muscle contract, intrathoracic pressure decreases, vacuum is created, thorax enlarges, air passes through the upper to the lower airway then to the alveoli

Question 3

Exhalation process

Answer 3

Passive; diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, thorax decreases in size, air is compressed put of lungs, intrathoracic pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure

Question 4

What is Tidal Volume

Answer 4

The amount of air inhaled/exhaled in one breath

Question 5

What is hypoxia

Answer 5

Inadequate delivery of O2 to the cells

Question 6

Early indications of hypoxia

Answer 6

Restlessness, anxiety, irritability, dyspnea, tachycardia

Question 7

Late signs of hypoxia

Answer 7

Altered or decreased LOC, severe dyspnea, Cyanosis, bradycardia

Question 8

CO2 drive and Hypoxic drive

Answer 8

CO2- the body’s primary system for monitoring breathing status; CO2 levels are monitored in the blood and cerebral fluid

Hypoxic- backup to the CO2 drive; monitors O2 levels in plasma

Question 9

What is oxygenation

Answer 9

The delivery of O2 to the blood
- ventilation is required but does not insure oxygenation

Question 10

What percent of O2 is in the air ?
What percent is in expired air?

Answer 10

Surrounding air: 21%
Expired air- 16%

Question 11

What is Respiration

Answer 11

The gas exchange of O2 and CO2

Question 12

Time frame for brain damage due to lack of O2

Answer 12

Begins- 4min
Permanent- 6min
Irrecoverable- 10min

Question 13

Signs of inadequate breathing

Answer 13

-abnormal RR
- Nasal Flaring
- paradoxical motion ( flail chest)
- unequal chest rise and fall
- dyspnea
- cyanosis
- agonal respiration ( dying gasps or apnea [no breathing] )

Question 14

What is Auscultation

Answer 14

Using a stethoscope to listen to lung sounds

Question 15

What are the points you listen to lungs

Answer 15

point to/ look up picture of unsure

Question 16

List 4 different lung sounds and what they indicate

Answer 16

Absent/ diminished- indicates little /no air exchange

Wheezing- High pitched sounds usually heard on exhalation (asthma COPD)

Rales- wet/ crackling sounds

Stridor- high pitch sound in the upper airway indicating a partial blockage in the upper airway (neck)