Chapter 9: Articulations

Question 1

synarthroses

Answer 1

immovable

Question 2

amphiarthroses

Answer 2

slightly movable

Question 3

***diarthroses

Answer 3

freely movable

Question 4

joined by dense, regular connective tissue fibers
no joint cavity
immovable

Answer 4

fibrous joint

Question 5

connected by cartilage

immovable, slightly movable

Answer 5

cartilaginous joints

Question 6

bone ends separated by joint cavity containing synovial fluid
freely movable

Answer 6

synovial joints

Question 7

peg-in-socket

teeth roots

Answer 7

gomphoses

Question 8

lines-skull bones

Answer 8

sutures

Question 9

bones connected by long fibers

interosseus membrane

Answer 9

syndesmoses

Question 10

epiphyseal plate
immovable
found in rib 1 to sternum
a piece of immovable cartilage

Answer 10

synchondroses

Question 11

fibrocartilage pad
intervertebral discs
pubic symphyses

Answer 11

symphyses

Question 12

For synovial joints- articular cartilage (hyaline)

Answer 12

covering articulating surface cushion, absorb shock and reduces friction

Question 13

For synovial joints- joint cavity

Answer 13

filled with synovial fluid

Question 14

For synovial joints- articular capsule (fibrous capsule, synovial membrane)

Answer 14

(syn. mem.) produces fluid

(fib. cap.) dense irregular intertwine with periosteum

Question 15

For synovial joints- synovial fluid (lubricant, nourishes, absorbs shock)

Answer 15

3ml
glycoproteins-fibroblast produced
“raw egg whites” slippery-low friction

Question 16

For synovial joints- reinforcing ligaments

Answer 16

extra (outside) or intracapsular (inside)

Question 17

For synovial joints- nerve and blood vessels

Answer 17

high amount
monitor joint position (damage-pain-fix)
capillary beds-fluid and ingred.

Question 18

Bursa sack wrapped around tendons

lined with synovial membrane-absorbs shock and decreases friction

Answer 18

bursae-tendon sheaths

Question 19

(adipose tissue)

filler cushion

Answer 19

fat pads

Question 20

ties muscles to bones

dense regular fibrous connective tissue

Answer 20

tendons

Question 21

ties bones to bones

dense regular fibrous connective tissue

Answer 21

ligaments

Question 22

wrist bone (referring to synovial joints)

Answer 22

planar (gliding) joint

Question 23

elbow cylindrical end of one bone fits into a trough of another bone

Answer 23

hinge joint

Question 24

atlas/axis radioulna-allows head to shake

Answer 24

pivot joint

Question 25

knuckles | egg shaped into oval cavity

Answer 25

condyloid joint

Question 26

convex fits into concave

Answer 26

saddle joint

Question 27

most movable spherical head into rounded socket first carpometacarpal joints

Answer 27

ball-and-socket joint

Question 28

What are the movements allowed by synovial joints?

Answer 28

``` gliding angular -abduction -adduction -flexion -extension -hyperextension -lateral flexion **-circumduction rotation special movements -depression/elevation -dorsiflexion/plantar flexion -eversion/inversion -supination/pronation -protraction/ retraction -opposition ```

Question 29

1 flat surface moving over another bone over another bone ex: tarsals and carpals

Answer 29

gliding

Question 30

move away from midline

Answer 30

abduction

Question 31

move toward midline

Answer 31

adduction

Question 32

decrease the ange of the joint

Answer 32

flexion

Question 33

incerease the angle of the joint

Answer 33

extension

Question 34

beyond anatomical position

Answer 34

hyper extension

Question 35

side

Answer 35

lateral flexion

Question 36

rotation-take a limb move so the distal ends makes a circular movement

Answer 36

***circumduction

Question 37

movement of a bone around its own long axis (atlas/axis)

Answer 37

rotation

Question 38

move inferiorly | ex:chewing

Answer 38

depression

Question 39

move a body part superiorly | ex:chewing

Answer 39

elevation

Question 40

pull foot upwards

Answer 40

dorsiflexion

Question 41

points toes outward

Answer 41

plantar flexion

Question 42

pull anteriorly | ex:jaw

Answer 42

protraction

Question 43

pull posteriorly | ex: jaw

Answer 43

retraction

Question 44

turn the sole laterally

Answer 44

eversion

Question 45

turn the sole medially

Answer 45

inversion

Question 46

palm forward/upward

Answer 46

supination

Question 47

palm posterior/downward

Answer 47

pronation

Question 48

move the thumb to touch other finger tips

Answer 48

opposition

Question 49

what does collateral mean?

Answer 49

on the sides

Question 50

femur and tibia are included hinge joint with some rotation no single unified capsule or synovial cavity medial meniscus and lateral meniscus (fibrocartilage pads) fat pads seven major ligaments 12 bursae

Answer 50

knee joint

Question 51

Name the 7 major ligaments of the knee.

Answer 51

``` patellar ligament tibial collateral ligament **fibular collateral ligament 2 popliteal ligaments anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (2) ```

Question 52

support anterior surface of the knee

Answer 52

patellar ligament

Question 53

supports medial surface of the knee

Answer 53

tibial collateral ligament

Question 54

supports lateral surface of the knee

Answer 54

fibular collateral ligament

Question 55

oblique and articulate (on knee)

Answer 55

2 popliteal ligaments

Question 56

intracapsular flexion no hyper extenson on knee

Answer 56

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments

Question 57

ligaments are stretched or torn (knee/ankle) | poorly vasculated: heals slowly

Answer 57

sprain

Question 58

bones of joint are forced out of alignment

Answer 58

dislocation (luxation)

Question 59

torn menisci

Answer 59

torn cartilage

Question 60

inflamation of a bursa

Answer 60

bursitis

Question 61

inflamation of tendon sheath

Answer 61

tendonitis

Question 62

inflamation or degeneration of a joint over 100 different types joint damage

Answer 62

arthritis

Question 63

half of cases | artheritis on bone

Answer 63

osteoarthritis

Question 64

chronic inflammatory response synovial membrane 1% of population autoimmune disease

Answer 64

rheumatoid arthritis

Question 65

uric acid (waste from nucleic acid matabolism) precipitates as solid crystals

Answer 65

gouty arthritis

Question 66

bacteria | spirochetes-ticks which lived: on a deer bite

Answer 66

lyme disease