Chapter 9: Classification Flashcards
3 domains of life
-Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya (protista, fungi, plantae, animalia)
bacteria
- single-celled prokaryotes
- no membrane bound organelles
- peptidoglycan in cell wall
- one type of RNA polymerase
- no introns
- play vital role as decomposers
- many are pathogenic
- some carry out photosynthesis
- some fix nitrogen, some are anaerobes
archaea
- unicellular prokaryotes
- includes extremophiles v(withstand extreme environments)
- some introns
- no peptidoglycan
eukarya
-nucleus and internal organelles
no peptiglycan
systematics
-taxconomy with biological diversity and evolution as context
protista
- seaweeds and slime molds
- single and primitive multicelled organisms
- heterotrophs and autotrophs
- euglena: autotrophic
- protozoans: amoeba (pseudopods), paramecium (cilia)(classified on how move)
- some use conjugation
fungi
- heterotrophs and eukaryotes
- decompose with hydrolytic enzymes
- cell walls composed of chitin
plantae
-autotrophic
animalia
- heterotrophic, multicellular
- monophyletic: all animal lineages can be traced to one common ancestor
multicellular eukaryotes
-appeared 1.5 billion yrs ago
cell
-basic unit of all forms of life
tissue
-group of similar cells with same function
organ
-group of tissues that work together to perform related functions
ectoderm
-skin and nervous system
endoderm
-digestive system (innermost layer)
mesoderm
-middle layer (blood and bones)
cephalization
-development of anterior and posterior
sponges
- most simple multicellular eukaryote
- invertebrate
cnidarians
- invertebrate with radial symmetry (more primitive that bilateral symmetry)
- gastrovascular cavity
molluscs
-most complex invertebrates
phylogeny
-evolutionary history of evolutionary relationships
phylogenetic tree
- also known as cladogram
- displays phylogeny
maximum parsimony
-simplest explanation for phylogeny should be followed
outgroup
-diverged before the lineage of the ingroup evolved
