Chapter 9 Endocrine System

Question 1

GH (growth hormone) also called somatotropin

Answer 1

Promotes growth of all body tissue

Question 2

TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)

Answer 2

Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

Question 3

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic hormone)

Answer 3

Stimulates adrenal cortex to produce cortical hormones

Question 4

FSH ( follicle-stimulating hormone)

Answer 4

Stimulates growth and hormonal activity of ovarian follicles

Question 5

LH (luteinizing hormone)

Answer 5

Causes development of corpus luteum at the site of ruptured ovarian follicle in females

Question 6

PRL (prolactin)

Answer 6

Simulates milk secretion by mammary glands

Question 7

ADH ( antidiuretic hormone; vasopressin)

Answer 7

Promotes water reabsorption in kidney tubules; causes blood vessels to constrict

Question 8

Oxytocin

Answer 8

Causes uterine contractions, causes milk ejection from mammary glands

Question 9

Thyroxine or Tetraiodothyronine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 9

Increase metabolic rate and heat production; influencing both physical and mental activities, requires for normal growth

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Answer 10

Regulates calcium exchange between blood and bones; increases blood calcium level

Question 11

Cortisol (hydrocortisone)

Answer 11

Aids in metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; active during stress

Question 12

Aldosterone

Answer 12

Aids in regulating electrolytes and water balance

Question 13

Sex hormones

Answer 13

May influence secondary sexual characteristics

Question 14

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer 14

Response to stress; increases respiration, blood pressure, and heart rate

Question 15

Estrogen

Answer 15

Stimulates growth of primary sexual organs and development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 16

Progesterone

Answer 16

Prepares uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum; aids in maintaining pregnancy

Question 17

Insulin

Answer 17

Aids glucose transport into cells; required for cell metabolism of nutrients

Question 18

Glucagon

Answer 18

Stimulates liver to release glucose, thereby increasing blood glucose levels

Question 19

Melatonin

Answer 19

Regulates mood, sexual development, and daily cycles in response to environmental light

Question 20

Testosterone

Answer 20

Stimulates growth and development of sexual organs plus development of secondary sexual characteristics

Question 21

Thyroid gland

Answer 21

An endocrine gland on either side of the larynx and upper trachea; hormones affect metabolism and growth

Question 22

Target tissue

Answer 22

The specific tissue on which a hormone acts; may also be called target organ

Question 23

Steroid hormone

Answer 23

A hormone made of lipids; sex hormones and hormones of the adrenal cortex

Question 24

Receptor

Answer 24

A site on the cell membrane or within the cell to which a substance, such as a hormone, attaches

Question 25

Prostaglandins

Answer 25

A group of hormones produced throughout the body that have a variety of effects, including stimulation of uterine contractions and regulation of blood pressure, blood clotting, and inflammation.

Question 26

Pituitary gland

Answer 26

Endocrine gland at base of brain. Anterior lobe secretes growth hormones and hormones that stimulate other glands. Posterior lobe releases ADH and oxytocin made in hypothalamus

Question 27

Pineal gland

Answer 27

Small gland in brain that regulates mood, daily rhythms, and sexual development in response to environmental light. Makes melatonin

Question 28

Parathyroid gland

Answer 28

On the posterior thyroid that acts to increase blood calcium levels (near thyroid)

Question 29

Pancreatic islet

Answer 29

Cluster of endocrine cells in the pancreas that secrets hormones to regulate glucose metabolism

Question 30

Hypothalamus

Answer 30

A portion of the brain that controls the pituitary gland, produces hormones, and is active in maintained homeostasis

Question 31

Hypophysis

Answer 31

The pituitary gland

Question 32

Hormone

Answer 32

Secretion of endocrine gland, a substance that travels in the blood and has a regulatory effect on tissue, organs, and glands

Question 33

Endocrine

Answer 33

Pertaining to the ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood

Question 34

Adrenal gland

Answer 34

Gland on superior surface of kidney, outer (cortex) secretes steroid hormones. Inner (medulla) secretes epinephrine in response to stress