Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism Flashcards
What is a metabolic pathway?
chemical reactions that progress beginning to end
A -> B -> C
Describe anabolic and catabolic pathways (what does it produce?)
anabolic = use small/simple compounds to build large/complex compounds
A+B -> C
catabolic = break large compounds to small compounds
A -> B+C
What is the main source of energy the body uses?
ATP
What bonds break in ATP to create energy? What reaction occurs to break the bond? What
molecules result from the reaction?
phosphate bonds, hydrolysis, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)
What is an oxidation/reduction (redox) reaction? What happens if something is oxidized?
Reduced?
oxidation = losing electrons reduction = gaining electrons
OILRIG
Where does the Citric Acid Cycle occur? What does it use and produce?
mitochondria, uses Acetyl-CoA & produced oxalactate & 2 ATP
Describe cellular respiration and aerobic and anaerobic.
the process which organisms use oxygen to break down food molecules to get chemical energy for cell functions
aerobic = presence of O2, more efficient, creates 30-32 ATP anaerobic = without O2, creates 2 ATP
What are the four stages of cellular respiration?
- glycolysis
- transition reaction
- citric acid cycle
- electron transport chain
What is glycolysis? Where does it occur? What does it require? What does it produce?
breaking down glucose for energy, occurs in cytoplasm, requires ATP, produces 2 pyruvate, NADH+H+, 4 ATP
What is the transition reaction? Where does it occur? What does it use and produce?
synthesis of Acetyl-CoA from pyruvate, mitochondria, produces CO2 waste (exhaled)
What is the electron transport chain? Where does it occur? What is produced? What is oxidative
phosphorylation?
passage of electrons across a series of electron carriers, occurs in mitochondria, produces 28 ATP
When does anaerobic metabolism occur?
when cells have no mitochondria, O2 is lacking
Describe the Cori cycle.
quick ATP generation, lactate builds up
Describe beta-oxidation. How much ATP is produced?
2 carbons taken off of a fatty acid chain to create Acetyl-CoA & NADH+H+, & FADH2, no ATP generated
How do carbohydrates help in fat metabolism?
needed to generate pyruvate as fatty acids
