Chapter 9: Film processing

Question 1

a series of steps that produce a visible permanent image on a dental radiograph.

Answer 1

film processing

Question 2

The purpose of film processing is twofold, as follows:

Answer 2

1. CONVERT latent image into a visible image

2. PRESERVE visible image so that it is permanent

Question 3

this absorbs x-radiation during x-ray exposure and store the energy from the radiation

Answer 3

silver halide crystals

Question 4

latent image

Answer 4

stored energy on the exposed film that cannot be seen until processed

Question 5

when the halide portion of the exposed, energized silver halide crystal is removed. This is called :

Answer 5

reduction

Question 6

this initiates a chemical reaction that REDUCES the exposed silver halide crystals into black metallic silver and creates dark or black areas on a dental radiograph

Answer 6

developer solution

Question 7

REMOVES the unexposed silver halide crystals and creates white or clear areas on the dental radiograph.

Answer 7

fixer solution

Question 8

this structure is one that readily permits the passage of the x-ray beam and allows more x-rays to reach the film.

Answer 8

radiolucent

Question 9

this structure is one that resists the passage of the x-ray beam and restricts or limits the amount of x-rays that reach the film.

Answer 9

radiopaque

Question 10

two types of film processing techniques

Answer 10

manual

automatic

Question 11

Automatic film processing consists of the following four steps:

Answer 11

development
fixing
washing
drying

Question 12

light-shielded compartments, that can be used in a room with white light

Answer 12

daylight loader

Question 13

Automatic processing is preferred by many dentists as a method of film processing for the following reasons:

Answer 13

less processing time

time and temp automatically controlled

less equipment is used

less space is required.

Question 14

encases all the component parts of the automatic processor.

Answer 14

processor housing

Question 15

an opening on the outside of the processor housing used to insert unwrapped films into the automatic processor.

Answer 15

film feed slot

Question 16

is a system of rollers used to move the film rapidly through the developer, fixer, water, and drying compartments.

Answer 16

roller film transporter

Question 17

holds heated air and is used to dry the wet film.

Answer 17

drying chamber

Question 18

used to maintain proper solution concentration and levels

Answer 18

replenisher pump and replenishing solutions

Question 19

an opening on the outside of the processor housing where the dry, processed radiograph emerges from the automatic processor.

Answer 19

film recovery slot

Question 20

how often should the automatic processor be cleaned

Answer 20

daily or weekly cleaning

Question 21

what is used to clean the rollers of the automatic processor

Answer 21

cleaning film

Question 22

Processing solutions in the automatic processor must be replaced how often?

Answer 22

2-6 weeks

Question 23

steps of manual film processing

Answer 23

developing
rinsing
fixing
washing 
drying

Question 24

which solution softens the film emulsion ?

Answer 24

development

Question 25

necessary to remove the developer from the film and stop the development process

Answer 25

rinsing

Question 26

which solution hardens the film emulsion ?

Answer 26

fixer

Question 27

The final step in manual film processing

Answer 27

drying

Question 28

generates the black tones and the sharp contrast of the radiographic image

Answer 28

Hydroquinone

Question 29

optimal temerapture for developer solution

Answer 29

68F

Question 30

also known as metol, acts quickly to produce a visible radiographic image. this generates the many shades of gray seen on a dental radiograph

Answer 30

Elon

Question 31

prevents the developer solution from oxidizing in the presence of air.

Answer 31

preservative (sodium sulfite)

Question 32

is used in the developer solution as an accelerator.

Answer 32

sodium carbonate

Question 33

purpose of the accelerator (also called the activator) is to :

Answer 33

activate developing agents

Question 34

The essential piece of equipment required for manual processing is a _____

Answer 34

processing tank

Question 35

Two removable 1-gallon insert tanks hold the developer and fixer solutions.

Answer 35

insert tanks

Question 36

this tank suspends both insert tanks and is filled with circulating water.

Answer 36

master tank

Question 37

a device equipped with clips used to hold films during processing

Answer 37

film hangers

Question 38

used to agitate the developer and fixer solutions before processing.

Answer 38

stirring rod/ stirring paddle

Question 39

Any white light that “leaks” into the darkroom (e.g., from around a door or through a vent) is termed

Answer 39

light leak

Question 40

x-ray film is extremely sensitive to visible white light. Any leaks of white light in the darkroom cause ___ ______

Answer 40

film fogging

Question 41

Any white light that “leaks” into the darkroom

Answer 41

light leak

Question 42

what causes film fogging

Answer 42

light leaks

Question 43

special type of lighting used to provide illumination in the darkroom is termed safelighting. low-intensity light composed of long wavelengths in the red-orange portion of the visible light spectrum.

Answer 43

safelighting

Question 44

safelight filter removes the short wavelengths in the blue-green portion of the visible light spectrum that are responsible for exposing and damaging x-ray film.

Answer 44

safelight filter

Question 45

how far should safelight be placed

Answer 45

4 ft away from the film and work area

Question 46

A relative humidity level of between __ and __% should be maintained

Answer 46

50 & 70

Question 47

if the room temperature exceeds 90° F ___ ____ results

Answer 47

film fogging

Question 48

The duplication of film requires the use of a ______ and _______ ____

Answer 48

film duplicator duplicating film

Question 49

the process that occurs when developer and fixer solutions combine with oxygen and lose strength, takes place when the processing solutions are exposed to air.

Answer 49

oxiditation