Chapter 9: Global Inequality

Question 1

Mobility in Developing Nations

Answer 1

Mobility patterns in industrialized countries are usually associated with both intergenerational and intragenerational mobility. However, in developing nations, macro-level social and economic changes often overshadow micro-level movement from one occupation to another. For example, there is typically a substantial wage differential between rural and urban areas, which leads to high levels of migration to the cities. Yet the urban industrial sectors of developing countries generally cannot provide sufficient employment for all those seeking work.

Question 2

Globalization

Answer 2

The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas.

Question 3

Dependency theory

Answer 3

An approach that contends that industrialized nations continue to exploit developing countries for their own gain.

Question 4

Modernization

Answer 4

The far-reaching process through which periphery nations move from traditional or less developed institutions to those characteristic of more developed societies.

Question 5

Modernization theory

Answer 5

A functionalist approach that proposes that modernization and development will gradually improve the lives of people in developing nations.

Question 6

Neocolonialism

Answer 6

Continuing dependence of former colonies on foreign countries.

Question 7

Colonialism

Answer 7

The maintenance of political, social, economic, and cultural domination over a people by a foreign power for an extended period.

Question 8

World systems analysis

Answer 8

The global economy as an interdependent system of economically and politically unequal nations.

Question 9

Corporate welfare

Answer 9

Tax breaks, bailouts, direct payments, and grants that the government gives to corporations.