Chapter 9 - Joints

Question 1

Joints

Answer 1

point of contact between bone, bone and cartilage, or bone and teeth

Question 2

Functions of joints

Answer 2

• hold skeleton together

- mobility

Question 3

Structural joints

Answer 3

• type of connective tissue binding bones together

- synovial cavity

Question 4

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 4

• held together by cartilage
• synchondrosis
• symphysis

Question 5

Synarthrosis

Answer 5

• not able to move
• axial skeleton, sutures
• gomphosis, synchondrosis

Question 6

Amphiarthrosis

Answer 6

• slightly movable
• axial skeleton
• syndesmosis, amphiarthrosis

Question 7

Diarthrosis

Answer 7

• freely movable (i.e. knee)

- appendicular skeleton, synovial joints

Question 8

Fibrous joints

Answer 8

• joined by dense connective tissue
• syndesmosis
• interosseous membrane- connective tissue found between bones (i.e. between radius and ulna)

Question 9

Syndesmosis

Answer 9

• ligament

- gomphosis

Question 10

Gomphosis

Answer 10

periodontal ligament- teeth connector

Question 11

Symphysis

Answer 11

• fibrocartilage

- occur in midline of body

Question 12

Synovial joints

Answer 12

• synovial cavity
• articular cartilage
• articular capsule
• synovial fluid
• accessory ligaments

Question 13

Synovial fluid

Answer 13

moistens, lubricates, nourishes articular cartilage, contains phagocytic cells

Question 14

Accessory ligaments

Answer 14

• extracapsular ligaments (outside capsule, LCL)

- intracapsular ligaments (inside capsule, ACL)

Question 15

Menisci

Answer 15

pads of firbrocartilage between articular membranes

Question 16

Bursae

Answer 16

• fluid-filled saclike structures

- reduce friction between skin/bone or ligament/bone

Question 17

Gliding movement

Answer 17

• simplest
• one flat bone glides or slips over another
• no change in angle between bones

Question 18

Flexion

Answer 18

• sagittal plane

- bending movement that decreases angle between 2 bones

Question 19

Extension

Answer 19

• sagittal plane

- bending movement that increases angle between 2 bones

Question 20

Hyperextension

Answer 20

bending past 0 degrees

Question 21

Abduction

Answer 21

• frontal plane

- movement of limb away from midline of body

Question 22

Adduction

Answer 22

• frontal plane

- movement of limb toward midline of body

Question 23

Circumduction

Answer 23

• 2 axes
• movement of distal part of body in a circle
• uses comination of movements

Question 24

Rotation

Answer 24

• all roational movements around transverse plane
• turning of bone around its own longitudinal axis
• internal (medial) vs. external (lateral) rotation

Question 25

Plantar flexion

Answer 25

- ankle | - bending of foot at ankle in direction of inferior surface

Question 26

Dorsiflexion

Answer 26

- ankle | - bending of foot at ankle in direction of superior surface

Question 27

Opposition

Answer 27

movement of thumb across palm to touch tips of fingers on same hand

Question 28

Inversion

Answer 28

comes in towards midline

Question 29

Eversion

Answer 29

away from midline

Question 30

Types of synovial joints

Answer 30

- planar - hinge - pivot - condyloid - saddle

Question 31

Planar (gliding)

Answer 31

- articular surface flat or slightly curved - gliding movements - biaxial - i.e. intercarpal, sternoclavicular joint

Question 32

Hinge

Answer 32

- convex portion of one bone fits into concave portion of another - flexion, extension - uniaxial- sagittal - i.e. knee, elbow, ankle

Question 33

Pivot

Answer 33

- rounded or pointed end of one bone articulates with a ring formed partly by another boneand partly by a ligament - rotation - uniaxial- transverse

Question 34

Condyloid

Answer 34

- convex oval-shaped projection of one bone fits into oval shaped depression of another - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction - biaxial- frontal, sagittal - i.e. wrist, metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 35

Saddle

Answer 35

- articular surface of one bone is saddle-shaped - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, opposition, rotation, circumduction - triaxial- frontal, sagittal, transverse - i.e. carpometacarpal joint in thumb

Question 36

Ball and socket

Answer 36

- ball-like surface of one bone articulates with cup-like depression of another - flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction - triaxial- frontal, sagittal, transverse

Question 37

Arthroplasty

Answer 37

replace diseased joints with an artifical joint (prosthesis)

Question 38

Dislocation

Answer 38

- has to be reduced | - out of socket, ER probable

Question 39

Subluxation

Answer 39

- minor dislocation - out of joint then back in - common after dislocation