Chapter 9: Late Middle Ages Flashcards
(32 cards)
Social and economic consequences of the Black Death
Agricultural value goes down, noble estate value goes down, urban population goes up, peasants could demand higher wages
The Black Death (Date, Description, Preconditions, Characteristics, Cause/Spread)
Date: 1347-1351
Description: A bubonic plague that struck 14th century Europe
Preconditions: Overpopulation, Three-Field System, Famine, Malnutrition
Characteristics: Discoloration of the body, effects on lungs
Cause/Spread: Fleas infected rats that bore on ships from the Black Sea. Trade and self-flagellation spread it further.
Social groups affected by the plague
1 negative: gentry/aristocracy
Popular remedies to the Black Plague
Aromatic Amulets, Moderation, Promiscuity, Leeching, Lancing the Bulboe, Self-Flagellation, Anti-Semitism, Flight and Seclusion
Death toll in Europe due to Black Plague
25 million (30%)
Traditional Containers of Monarchy
Landed nobility and the Church
Statute of Laborers
1351: English Parliament passed which limited wages to pre-plague times and limited the ability for workers to leave
The Hundred Years’ War (Description, Causes, Result, Length)
Description: War between England and France over who controlled territory and had claim over French throne. Struggle for national identity.
Causes: Edward III exerting his claim to the French throne, proximity, land boundaries.
Result: France wins national identity. England becomes more independent with their textile industry.
Length: May 1337 - October 1453
Characteristics of France at the start of the Hundred Years’ War
3x population of England, wealthier but poor money management, fought on its own soil, feudal society, civil unrest
Key players of the Hundred Years’ War
England: Edward III, Henry V, Henry VI
France: Philip IV, Philip VI, John II, Charles VI, Charles VII, Joan of Arc
The Estates General
A representative council of townspeople, clergy and nobles. Ineffective.
The Jacquerie
1358: Revolt of the French peasantry in response to taxes and demanded labor to fix war damaged properties demanded by French privileged classes.
Reasons for early French Failures in Hundred Years’ War
Internal disunity and social conflict
Weapons used by the English in HYW
Longbow
Impacts and Results of the Treaty of Troyes
1420: Disinherits the Dauphin (son of Charles VI), supposed to give the throne to Henry V after Charles VI. Henry and Charles both die within months of each other. Charles VII goes into hiding in 1422 while infant Henry VI becomes king of both countries.
Burdens felt by which social classes during the Hundred Years’ War
Peasantry were subject to heavy taxation and labor.
Execution of Joan of Arc (Date/Reason)
May 30, 1431, Accused of heresy
Papal Plenitude of Power
Pope Innocent III. Gave popes power over church law as well as secular law. Popes could dispense law at will as a secular and spiritual institution. Church becomes more concerned with economic and political gain rather than the salvation of souls.
Ausculta fili
“Listen, my son.” Stated that God set popes over kings.
Unam Sanctam
November 18, 1302. Temporal authority is subject to spiritual power of the church.
Marsilius of Padua (What he wrote and the significance of what he wrote/Year published)
Wrote The Defender of Peace which states the idea of church separated from state, that clergy were still members of society ruled by temporal powers, and punishments for sins would be carried out in the afterlife. 1324.
Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges
Gallican Liberties – the idea that the French church had the right to elect its own clergy and run its own spiritual affairs without Papal interference.
Religious movements and the assault on the late medieval church
Lollards (John Wycliffe) and Hussites (John Hus)
Facts about John Wycliffe
- English theologen and philosopher from Oxford
- Critical of the sell of indulgences, absolute authority of scriptures, and the doctrine of transubstantiation
- Was charged with donatism: a heresy that stated sacredness of church actions depend on the worthiness of those performing them, not proper performance
