Chapter 9- Lifespan Development

Question 1

characterized by child’s unresponsiveness to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parent leaves

Answer 1

avoidant attachment

Question 2

maturing of the sex glands

Answer 2

gonadarche

Question 3

process of cell division

Answer 3

mitosis

Question 4

concept (mental model) that is used to help us categorize and interpret information

Answer 4

schema

plural: schemata

Question 5

medical care during pregnancy that monitors the health of both the mother and the fetus

Answer 5

prenatal care

Question 6

parents make few demands and rarely use punishment

Answer 6

permissive parenting style

Question 7

characterized by the child’s tendency to show clingy behavior and rejections of the parent when she attempts to interact with the child

Answer 7

resistant attachment

Question 8

innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment

Answer 8

temperament

Question 9

first stage in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development; from birth through age 2, a child learns about the world through senses are motor behavior

Answer 9

sensorimotor stage

Question 10

view that development takes place in unique stages, which happen at specific times or ages

Answer 10

discontinuous development

Question 11

parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

Answer 11

authoritative parenting style

Question 12

period of development that begins at puberty and ends at early adulthood

Answer 12

adolescence

Question 13

service that provides a death with dignity; pain management in a humane and comfortable environment; usually outside of a hospital setting

Answer 13

hospice

Question 14

domain of lifespan development that examines growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

Answer 14

physical development

Question 15

study of development using norms, or average ages, when most children reach specific developmental milestones

Answer 15

normative approach

Question 16

time during fetal growth when specific parts or organs develop

Answer 16

critical (sensitive) period

Question 17

when a sperm fertilizes an egg and forms a zygote

Answer 17

conception

Question 18

biological, chemical, or physical environmental agent that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus

Answer 18

teratogen

Question 19

ability to move our body and manipulate objects

Answer 19

motor skills

Question 20

domain of lifespan development that examines learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

Answer 20

cognitive development

Question 21

first male ejaculation

Answer 21

spermarche

Question 22

multi-cellular organism in its early stages of development

Answer 22

embryo

Question 23

adjustment of schema by adding information similar to what is already known

Answer 23

assimilation

Question 24

view that development is a cumulative process: gradually improving on existing skills

Answer 24

continuous development

Question 25

physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs

Answer 25

secondary sexual characteristics

Question 26

parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child

Answer 26

authoritarian parenting style

Question 27

use of large muscle groups to control arms and legs for large body movements

Answer 27

gross motor skills

Question 28

preoperational child's difficulty in taking the perspective of others

Answer 28

egocentrism

Question 29

environment and culture

Answer 29

nurture

Question 30

social support/friendships dwindle in number, but remain as close, if not more close than in earlier years

Answer 30

socioemotional selectivity theory

Question 31

organs specifically needed for reproduction

Answer 31

primary sexual characteristics

Question 32

structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen to the developing baby

Answer 32

placenta

Question 33

use of muscles in fingers, toes, and eyes to coordinate small actions

Answer 33

fine motor skills

Question 34

second stage is Piaget's theory of cognitive development; from ages 2 to 7, children learn to use symbols and language but do not understand mental operations and often think illogically

Answer 34

preoperational stage

Question 35

third stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development; from about 7 to 11 years old, children can think logically about real (concrete) events

Answer 35

concrete operational stage

Question 36

adjustment of a schema by changing a scheme to accommodate new information different from what was already known

Answer 36

accommodation

Question 37

process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life

Answer 37

psychosexual development

Question 38

idea that even if something is out of sight, it still exists

Answer 38

object permanence

Question 39

structure created when a sperm and egg merge at conception; begins as a single cell and rapidly divides to form the embryo and placenta

Answer 39

zygote

Question 40

characterized by the child using the parent as a secure base from which to explore

Answer 40

secure attachment

Question 41

parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don't respond to the child's needs are make relatively few demands

Answer 41

uninvolved parenting style

Question 42

ability to take the perspective of others and to feel concern for others

Answer 42

cognitive empathy

Question 43

inborn automatic response to a particular form of stimulation that all healthy babies are born with

Answer 43

newborn reflexes

Question 44

long-standing connection or bond with others

Answer 44

attachment

Question 45

idea that even if you change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size, volume, or number as long as nothing is added or removed

Answer 45

conservation

Question 46

final stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development; from age 11 and up, children are able to deal with abstract ideas and hypothetical situations

Answer 46

formal operational stage

Question 47

characterized by the child's odd behavior when faced with the parent; type of attachment seen most often with kids that are abused

Answer 47

disorganized attachment

Question 48

approximate ages at which children reach specific normative events

Answer 48

developmental milestone

Question 49

process proposed by Kohlberg, humans move through three stages of moral development

Answer 49

stage of moral reasoning

Question 50

beginning of menstrual period; around 12-13 years old

Answer 50

menarche

Question 51

newly defined period of lifespan development from 18 years old to mid-20s; young people are taking longer to complete college, get a job, get married, and start a family

Answer 51

emerging adulthood

Question 52

parental presence that gives the infant/toddler a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings

Answer 52

secure base

Question 53

process proposed by Erikson in which social tasks are mastered as humans move through eight stages of life infancy to adulthood

Answer 53

psychosocial development

Question 54

genes and biology

Answer 54

nature

Question 55

maturing of the adrenal glands

Answer 55

adrenarche

Question 56

principle that objects can be change, but then returned back to their original form or condition

Answer 56

reversibility