Chapter 9: Memory, Cognition, Intelligence

Question 1

What is the a very brief type of memory specifically for sensory information?

Answer 1

Sensory buffer (sensory memory)

Question 2

What is the type of memory with limited capacity and duration of only a few seconds?

Answer 2

Short-term memory(STM)

Question 3

What is the conscious repetition of information?

Answer 3

Rehearsal

Question 4

What is the system of memories which is readily available for access during performance of a task?

Answer 4

Working memory

Question 5

What is the nearly limitless store of memories that last longer than a few seconds?

Answer 5

Long-term memory

Question 6

What is a U-shaped curve showing the likelihood of remembering an item on a list based on positioning?

Answer 6

Serial position curve

Question 7

The improved recall of items at the beginning of a list on a recall task is called what?

Answer 7

Primacy effect

Question 8

The improved recall of items at the end of a list on a recall task is called what?

Answer 8

Recency effect

Question 9

What is the process of taking raw sensory information and converting it into form that we can understand and report called?

Answer 9

Encoding

Question 10

what is the encoding strategy that reduces the total number of items to be remembered by combining them into meaningful units?

Answer 10

Chunking

Question 11

What kind of organizational structure has all the items in some relationship to another?

Answer 11

Hierarchy

Question 12

What is the process of transferring information from STM to LTM?

Answer 12

Consolidation

Question 13

What is the term for our memory’s susceptibility to incorporate false information into it?

Answer 13

Misinformation effect

Question 14

What are the methods used for memory organization called as a group?

Answer 14

Mnemonic devices

Question 15

What is the innermost portion of your temporal lobe called? It includes the hippocampus and neighboring cortex.

Answer 15

Medial temporal lobe

Question 16

What part of the limbic system is crucial for the formation of permanent memories?

Answer 16

Hippocampus

Question 17

What type of memory include explicit memories, knowledge and facts acquired by learning which you can regurgitate to someone else?

Answer 17

Declarative memory

Question 18

What type of memory includes implicit memories? The type associated with perceptual or motor skills that you would have to perform to show someone else

Answer 18

Nondeclarative memory

Question 19

What type of memory consists of detailed autobiographical declarative memory?

Answer 19

Episodic Memory

Question 20

What is the term for the stable and long-lasting enhancement of synaptic transmission?

Answer 20

Long-term potentation

Question 21

What type of synapse gets stronger the more it causes the postsynaptic neuron to fire and gets weaker if it rarely causes the postsynaptic neuron to fire?

Answer 21

Hebbian synapse

Question 22

What is the act or process of accessing information in the LTM?

Answer 22

Retrieval

Question 23

What is the term for learning and understanding simple associations between stimuli?

Answer 23

Conditioning

Question 24

What kind of LTM is a vivid, detailed memory of a momentous event?

Answer 24

Flashbulb Memory

Question 25

What is the large networks of words with meanings that have different degrees of connectedness to one another?

Answer 25

Semantic webs

Question 26

What is the large networks of words with meanings that have different degrees of connectedness to one another?

Answer 26

Semantic webs

Question 27

What is the natural phenomenon called where we can almost say what we're thinking aloud but can't find the particular word?

Answer 27

Tip-of-tongue phenomenon

Question 28

What is the type of interference where an existing memory interferes with the formation of a new memory?

Answer 28

Proactive interference

Question 29

What is the type of interference where forming a new memory interferes with retrieval of an old memory?

Answer 29

Retroactive interference

Question 30

What is the ability of new information presented to affect a person's response at another time?

Answer 30

Priming

Question 31

What is the testing condition in which the participant must cold-recall information with no hints?

Answer 31

Free-recall

Question 32

What is the testing condition in which the participant must recall information with hints?

Answer 32

Cued recall

Question 33

What is the idea that memories are linked to each other based on characteristics they share? Recalling one word is likely to lead to the recall of another

Answer 33

Spreading activation

Question 34

What is the improved ability to retrieve information when the conditions of the original learning are reproduced?

Answer 34

Context-dependent retrieval

Question 35

What is filling a gap in a memory with false information?

Answer 35

Confabulation

Question 36

What is the term for the memory disorder characterized by retrograde amnesia, anterograde amnesia, and confabulation which is usually caused by a Thiamine deficiency?

Answer 36

Korsakoff's syndrome

Question 37

What is the pair of structures in the brainstem that receive information from the hippocampus?

Answer 37

Mammillary bodies

Question 38

What is it called when you are unable to retrieve information from LTM?

Answer 38

Forgetting

Question 39

What is the physical record of memory made in the brain by a learning experience?

Answer 39

Memory trace

Question 40

What is the type of mnemonic device where each item of a list is imagined in a separate location in a familiar place?

Answer 40

Method of Loci

Question 41

What is the gradual disappearance or a memory based on its physical loss from the brain?

Answer 41

Fade

Question 42

What is it called when someone faces a severe impairment of memory?

Answer 42

Amnesia

Question 43

What is the type of amnesia for events in which someone forgets prior things prior to events?

Answer 43

Retrograde amnesia

Question 44

What is the type of amnesia for events in which someone forgets things that occur after an event?

Answer 44

Anterograde Amnesia