Chapter 9: Minerals

Question 1

What are requirements for major and trace minerals?

Answer 1

• Major minerals– Require >100 mg /day
• Trace minerals– Require < 100 mg/day

Question 2

Major Minerals

Answer 2

• Sodium
• Potassium
• Calcium
• Others include chloride, magnesium,
  phosphorous, sulfur etc.

Question 3

Sodium Sources

Answer 3

Table salt (NaCl): 40% sodium, 60% chloride

• Milk, dairy, processed foods

Question 4

Sodium facts

Answer 4

• Major extracellular fluid
• Aldosterone hormone regulates sodium
  balance
• Functions:
  – Key for retaining body water
  – Excretion regulated by the kidneys
  – Muscle contraction
  – Conduction of nerve impulse

Question 5

Deficiency of Sodium

Answer 5

• Rare
• Persistent vomiting/ diarrhea
• Excessive perspiration (losing 2-3% of body
  weight)
• Symptoms: Muscle cramp, nausea,
  vomiting, dizziness, shock, coma

Question 6

Hypertension

Answer 6

• Blood pressure = pressure exerted on the
  walls of arteries by blood
• Normal BP: 90-120 / 60-80 mm Hg
• Hypertension = high blood pressure– HTN ≥140/90 mm Hg– Recommend decrease sodium intake

Question 7

Why Control Blood Pressure?

Answer 7

• Silent disease
• To prevent cardiovascular disease, kidney
  disease, stroke