Chapter 9 Physical and cognative development in late and middle childhood Flashcards
learning disability
describes a child who has difficulty in learning that involves understanding or using spoken or written language and the difficulty can appear in listening, thinking, reading, writing and spelling. A learning disability also may involve difficulty in doing mathamtics. To be classified as a learning disability, the learning problem is not primarily the result of a visual, hearing or motor disabilities; intellectual disabilities; emtional disorders; or due to environmental, cultural or economic disadvantage.
dyslexia
A catergory of learning disabilities involving a servre imparment in the ability to read and spell
dysgraphia
A learning disability that involves difficulty in handwriting
dyscalculia
Also known as developmental arithmetic disorder; a learning disability that involvs difficulty in a mathematic computation
attention defict hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
A disability in which children consistantly show one or more of the following characteristics 1, inattention 2, hyperactivity 3, impulsivity
emtional and behavioural disorders
serious, persistant problems that involve relationships, aggression, depression, fears assosiated with personal or schools matters, as well as other inappropriate socioemtional characterisics
individual education plan (IEP)
a written statement that spells out a program specifically tailored to a child with a disability
least restrictive environment (LRE)
a setting that is as similar as possible to the one in whichchildren who do not have a disability are educated
inculsion
educating a child with special eduction needs full-time in the regilar classroom.
seriation
the concrete operation that involves ordering stimuli along a quantive dimention (such as length)
transitivity
the ability to logically combine relations to understand certain conclusions
long term memory
a relatively permanant type of memory that holds huge amounts of information for a long period of time
neo-piagetains
developmentalists who argue that piaget got some things right but that his theory needs considerable revision. they have elaberated on piagets theory, giving more emphasis to information processing, strategies and precise cognative steps
fuzzy trace theory
States that memory is best understood by considering two types of memory representations 1 verbatim 2 memory trace and 2 gist. in this theory, older childrens better memory is attributed to the fuzzy traces created by extracting the gist of information
Critical thinking
thinking reflectively and productivly as well as evaluating the evidence
mindfulness
Being alert, mentally present and cognativly flexible while going through lifes everyday activities and tasks
creative thinking
the ability to think in novel and unsual ways and to come up with unique solutions to problems
convergent thinking
Thinking that produces one correct answer and is characteristic of the kind of thinking tested by standardised tests
divergent thinking
thinking that produces many answers to the same question and is characterisic of creativity
brainstorming
A technique in which individuals are encouraged to come up with creative ideas in a group, play off each others ideas and say practically whatever comes to mind
metacognition
cognition about cognition, or kowing about knowing
intelligence
problem-solving skills and the ability to learn from and adapt to the experiences of everyday life
individual differences
the stable, consistant ways in which people are different from eachother
mental age (MA)
Binets measure of an individuals level of mental development compared with that of another
