Chapter 9 Planning for Community Change

Question 1

chapter highlights
- health planning at the state, national, and global levels
- social and environmental determinants of health
- social ecological model and multilevel interventions
- community coalitions
- health impact pyramid
- health equity and social justice
- Lewis change theory, force field analysis, and levers of change
- logic model
- role of the community health worker
- funding community health interventions
- evaluating community health interventions
- nurse managed health centers

Question 2

health planning
- defintion

Answer 2

organized and systematic process in which problems are identified, priorities selected, and objectives set for the development of community health programs based on the findings of community health assessments and health surveillance data

Question 3

what levels can health planning occur on

Answer 3

global
national
regional
state
county
local

Question 4

common themes of current national and international health plans

Answer 4

• providing health promotion and disease prevention at the population level
• addressing social determiannts
• achieving health equity

Question 5

common themes of current national and international health plans
- providing health promotion and disease prevention t what level

Answer 5

population

Question 6

common themes of current national and international health plans
- addressing what

Answer 6

social determinants

Question 7

common themes of current national and international health plans
- achieving what

Answer 7

health equity

Question 8

incidence vs prevalence

Answer 8

indicience is new
prevalence is all

Question 9

national level implementations (2)

Answer 9

healthy people
national prevention strategy

Question 10

ongoing planning is driven by trends in health outcomes and health behavior identified from

Answer 10

disease survalence by states and CDC

Question 11

national prevention goal

Answer 11

increase the number of Americans who are healthy at every stage of life

Question 12

national prevention goal 4 strategic directions for national prevention

Answer 12

1. creating healthy and safe community enviornments
2. integrating clinical and community preventive services
3. empowering people in making healthy choices
4. eliminating health disparities

Question 13

national prevention goal 4 strategic directions for national prevention
- creating what type of enviornments

Answer 13

healthy and safe

Question 14

national prevention goal 4 strategic directions for national prevention
- integrating what into the clinical and community

Answer 14

preventative services

Question 15

national prevention goal 4 strategic directions for national prevention
- empowering people in making what choices

Answer 15

healthy

Question 16

national prevention goal 4 strategic directions for national prevention
- eliminating what

Answer 16

health disparities

Question 17

community health improvement plan (CHIP) does what

Answer 17

emphasizes accountability and includes specific performance measures for improvement

Question 18

community assessment: systematic process that may use several approaches including

Answer 18

• key informatnt interviews
  analysis of data on health status and
  behaviors
• observation
• community surveys

Question 19

system theory

Answer 19

social systems engage in reciprocal exchange or flows of information, energy, resources, and goods or services
systems within the community are interdependent and interconnected

Question 20

system theory
- systems within the community are

Answer 20

interdependent and interconnected

Question 21

to develop a plan for the community, what are the steps

Answer 21

1 plan
2. coalitions
3. stakeholders

Question 22

develop a plan for the community
- first step

Answer 22

identify the population
- could be whole country, state, city
- or population aggregate (ex: adults over 50)

Question 23

develop a plan for the community
- factors to consider in forming a coalition include

Answer 23

history of working together
- was it successful or not

Question 24

social ecological model
- defintion

Answer 24

multiple determinants of health interact at different levels to affect the health status of individual people, population aggregates, or communities

Question 25

impact pyramid - defintion

Answer 25

useful framework for community health nurses when planning health promotion interventions at multiple levels

Question 26

bottom level of impact pyramid

Answer 26

socioeconomic factors

Question 27

level above socioeconomic factors of the impact pyramid

Answer 27

changing the context to make individual default decisions healthy - laws

Question 28

level above changing the context to make individual default decisions healthy of the impact pyramid

Answer 28

long lasting protective interventions - vaccines

Question 29

level above long lasting protective interventions of the impact pyramid

Answer 29

clinical interventions

Question 30

level above clinical interventions of the impact pyramid

Answer 30

education and counseling

Question 31

3 types of multilevel interventions

Answer 31

upstream mainstream downstream

Question 32

upstream

Answer 32

societal, environmental, or policy level

Question 33

mainstream

Answer 33

at the population or community level

Question 34

downstream

Answer 34

at the individual level

Question 35

obesogenic

Answer 35

enviornment not healthy

Question 36

salutogenic

Answer 36

enviornment is healthy

Question 37

3 levels to Lewin's change theory

Answer 37

unfreezing changing refreezing

Question 38

Lewin's change theory - unfreezing

Answer 38

community moves form denial or lack of awareness to the need to change/address

Question 39

Lewin's change theory - changing

Answer 39

process of changing or transition begins

Question 40

Lewin's change theory - refreezing

Answer 40

process of stabilizing once change has occurred with the goal of sustaining the change in the community

Question 41

force field analysis - definition

Answer 41

tool used to identity the forces driving or restraining change

Question 42

levers of change - definition/goal

Answer 42

increase driving forces and/or to decrease restraining forces

Question 43

community readiness for chnage

Answer 43

planning programs or interventions to change community health status include and assessment of the communities readiness to undertake the change process related to specific health issue

Question 44

a communities readiness for change is

Answer 44

issue-specific

Question 45

planning community level interventions need 3 things

Answer 45

guide to community preventive service logic model smart goals

Question 46

SMART goals

Answer 46

specific measurable achievable relevant time bound

Question 47

guide to community preventive service - task force on community preventive service connects reviews of research for evidence of the effusiveness of

Answer 47

community based prevention and health promotion programs

Question 48

logic model - definition

Answer 48

how a program or intervention is expected to produce desirable outcomes

Question 49

logic model - steps

Answer 49

inputs/resources activies outputs/measures intermediate outcomes

Question 50

logic model - inputs/rescources

Answer 50

what do we need

Question 51

logic model - actives

Answer 51

what are we doing

Question 52

logic model - outputs/mesures

Answer 52

how to measure

Question 53

logic model - intermediate outcomes

Answer 53

what re you expecting to see

Question 54

community health worker - definition

Answer 54

help bridge the gap between the community health nurse and the community especially when there are cultural and language differences

Question 55

things we need to consider when creating a community level intervention (4)

Answer 55

accountability sustainability replication funding

Question 56

accountability

Answer 56

accountable for how the program was implemented

Question 57

sustainability

Answer 57

how will this continue after funding has ended

Question 58

replication

Answer 58

can we establish or replicate in another community

Question 59

funding types

Answer 59

government private local