chapter 9 review

Question 1

arthrology

Answer 1

study of joints

Question 2

bones articulate at a

Answer 2

joint

Question 3

3 classes of joints

Answer 3

synovial joint cartilaginous joint, and fibrous joint

Question 4

joints can be descibed by their functional classes

Answer 4

synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses

Question 5

synarthroses

Answer 5

immobile joints. can be cartiliginous or fibrous

Question 6

amphiarthroses

Answer 6

sligjhtly mobile joint. can be cartiliginous or fibrous.

Question 7

diathroses

Answer 7

freely mobile joint. all synovial joints

Question 8

their is a _______ relaitionship between mobility and stability

Answer 8

inverse

Question 9

three types of fibrous joints

Answer 9

gomphoses, sutures, syndesmoses

Question 10

fibrous joints and cartiliginous joints are _____ CT

Answer 10

dense regular

Question 11

gomphoses is like a

Answer 11

peg in a socket

Question 11

how is gomphoses is used in teeth

Answer 11

tooth held in place. by fibrous periodontal membranes. synarthroses

Question 12

sutures found between

Answer 12

flat skull bones

Question 13

sutures become ossified _____ in adults

Answer 13

synostoses

Question 14

when an adult sutures form they are

Answer 14

synarthrotic

Question 15

syndesmoses

Answer 15

bound by interosseous membrane, broad ligamentous sheet

Question 16

syndesmoses found between

Answer 16

ulna and ulna, tibia and fibula

Question 17

syndesmoses is

Answer 17

anthyarthroses

Question 18

cartilaginous joints made of either

Answer 18

hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage between bones

Question 19

cartilaginous joints lack

Answer 19

joint cavity

Question 20

cartilaginous joints are ______ or _____ mobile

Answer 20

immobile;slightly mobile

Question 21

2 types of cartilaginous joints

Answer 21

synchondroses, and symphases

Question 22

synchondroses

Answer 22

hyaline cartilage base, immobile (synarthrotic)

Question 23

symphyses found in

Answer 23

pubic bone, vertebrae

Question 24

fibrocartilage absorbs

Answer 24

shock, impact

Question 24

symphyses made of

Answer 24

fibrocartilage

Question 25

symphyses is

Answer 25

amphiarthrotic

Question 26

synovial joints

Answer 26

freely movable (diathrotic)

Question 27

most joints in the body are

Answer 27

synovial

Question 28

synovial joints have a double-layered ____ _____

Answer 28

articular capsule

Question 29

articular capsule is composed of

Answer 29

outer fibrous layer, inner synovial membrane

Question 30

fibrous outer layer

Answer 30

ligaments

Question 31

synovial inner membrane

Answer 31

synovial fluid

Question 32

bones that have synovial joints have articular cartilage called

Answer 32

hyaline cartilage

Question 33

joint cavity

Answer 33

space between articulating bones

Question 34

joint cavity is lined by synovial membrane and secretes

Answer 34

synovial fluid

Question 35

functions of joint cavity

Answer 35

lubricates articular caritlage nourishes chondrocytes acts as a shock absorber

Question 36

bursae can be found in synovial joint

Answer 36

saclike structure contains synovial fluid

Question 37

bursae help

Answer 37

alleviate friction

Question 38

meniscus

Answer 38

help with movement

Question 39

classification of synovial joints

Answer 39

plane joints, hinge joints, pivot joint,

Question 40

plane joint

Answer 40

side to side (one plane), simplest, flat, uniaxial

Question 41

example of plane joint is

Answer 41

vertebrae, carpals/tarsals

Question 42

hinge joint

Answer 42

convex surface within concave depression. uniaxial like door hinge

Question 43

examle of hinge joint

Answer 43

elbow, knee

Question 44

pivot joint

Answer 44

bone with rounded surface that fits into ligament ring

Question 45

pivot joint is _____

Answer 45

uniaxial ( rotation of longitudinal axis)

Question 46

pivot joint

Answer 46

neck (atlantoaxial)

Question 47

condylar joint

Answer 47

oval, complex surface articulating with concave surface

Question 48

condylar joint is

Answer 48

biaxial

Question 49

saddle joint is

Answer 49

biaxial

Question 50

saddle joint

Answer 50

convex and concave surfaces resembking saddle shape

Question 51

ball and socket joint

Answer 51

spherical head of one bone fitting into cup like socket

Question 52

ball and socket joint is

Answer 52

multiaxial

Question 53

ball and socket joint is the most

Answer 53

freely movable joint

Question 54

condyler joint example

Answer 54

metacarpel to phalanges joint

Question 55

saddle joint example

Answer 55

carpel and metacarpel joint

Question 56

ball and socket joint example

Answer 56

hip joint

Question 57

four type sof movements in synovial joints

Answer 57

gliding, roational, angular, special movements

Question 58

gliding motion

Answer 58

two apposing surfaces sliding back and forth.

Question 59

gliding motion occurs in

Answer 59

plane joints

Question 60

angular motion

Answer 60

increase and decrease angle of two bones

Question 61

types of angular motion

Answer 61

flexion and extension, hyperextension, lateral flexion, abduction, adduction, circumduction

Question 62

flexion

Answer 62

descreasing angle( bending finger)

Question 63

extension

Answer 63

increase angl ebtween bones( straightening fingers after making a fist)

Question 64

hyperextension

Answer 64

beyond normal range

Question 65

lateral flexion

Answer 65

standing and body moves towards feet

Question 66

abduction

Answer 66

moving body part away

Question 67

adduction

Answer 67

moving body part to midline

Question 68

circumduction

Answer 68

circular motion

Question 69

rotational motion

Answer 69

later rotation, medial rotation, pronation, supination

Question 70

lateral rotation

Answer 70

away from body

Question 71

medial rotation

Answer 71

towards midline

Question 72

pronation

Answer 72

palms facing down. like oushup

Question 73

supination

Answer 73

palms facing towards front

Question 74

special movements

Answer 74

depression, and elevation

Question 75

depression

Answer 75

lowering shoulders

Question 76

elevation

Answer 76

raising shoulders

Question 77

what are types of feet flexion

Answer 77

dorsiflexion, plantar flexion

Question 78

dorsyflexion

Answer 78

foot coming up towards tibia

Question 79

plantar flexion

Answer 79

front of foot going down like ballerina

Question 80

for shows ____ and ____ as well

Answer 80

eversion, and inversion

Question 81

eversion

Answer 81

occurs at interrarsal joint. away from midline. sole pointing out

Question 82

inversion

Answer 82

sole of foot pointing towards midline

Question 83

protraction

Answer 83

sticking out jaw

Question 84

retraction

Answer 84

pulling in jaw for example

Question 85

opposition

Answer 85

thumbs towards fingers. how we grab

Question 86

reposition

Answer 86

going back to normal hand/finger position

Question 87

sprains

Answer 87

stretching or tearing of ligament without injuring bone

Question 88

arthritis

Answer 88

group of inflammatory or degenerative disease of joints

Question 89

arthritis causes

Answer 89

pain and swelling of joins

Question 90

osteoarthritis caused by

Answer 90

degenerative condition. wear down of cartilage.

Question 91

osteoarthriris is happens around

Answer 91

knuckles, hips, fingers, shoulder

Question 92

rheumatoid arthritis seen in

Answer 92

younger adults

Question 93

rheumatoid is an ______ disorder

Answer 93

autoimmune. often woman

Question 94

gouty arthritis caused by

Answer 94

increased levels of uric acid.

Question 95

gouty acid seen in

Answer 95

middle aged or older males

Question 96

rheumatoid arthritis happens when

Answer 96

bodys own cells attack cells of joints