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A&P 1 > chapter 9 skeletal system > Flashcards

chapter 9 skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

articulation

A

-def: joint site where two or more bones meet
-function connect bones together but provide mobility in skeleton

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2
Q

Anatomical/Structural classification of joints (based on connecting material)

A
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
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3
Q

Fibrous

A

bones joined by CT with no space

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4
Q

cartilaginous

A

bones joined by pad or bridge of cartilage

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5
Q

synovial

A

bones separated by fluid- filled cavity surrounded by CT

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6
Q

Physiological/functional classification of joints (based on amount of movement

A
  1. synarthrosis
  2. amphiarthrosis
  3. diarthrosis
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7
Q

synarthrosis

A

immovable joint( fibrous or cartilaginous)

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8
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

slightly moveable joint (fibrous or cartilaginous)

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9
Q

diathrosis

A

freely moveable joint (always synovial)

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10
Q

increased mobility

A

decreased stability

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11
Q

Synarthroses ( immovable strength)

A
  1. synostosis
  2. suture
  3. Gomphosis
  4. synchondrosis
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12
Q

synostosis

A

fused bones

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13
Q

suture

A

interlocked bones, sealed with dense CT

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14
Q

Gomphosis

A

tooth in alveolar socket, held by periodontal ligaments

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15
Q

synchondrosis

A

hyaline cartilage bridge between bones

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16
Q

amphiathroses (slightly moveable, strength with some mobility)

A
  1. Syndesmosis
  2. Symphysis
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17
Q

syndesmosis

A

bones connected by ligament

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18
Q

ligament

A

band of dense regular CT

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19
Q

symphysis

A

bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage

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20
Q

joint injuries

A

-sprain
-bursitis

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21
Q

sprain

A

damage to ligament, some collagen torn, slow to heal

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22
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa due to trauma, infection or repetitive motion

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23
Q

synovial joints stabilized by articular capsule and accessory structures to restrict mobility

A

Increased mobility= decreased stability=increased chance of dislocation (luxation)

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24
Q

luxation

A

dislocation; joint displacement,
usually damages cartilage, ligaments,
and capsule, pain receptors in all CT of the
joint, except articular cartilage, to
prevent actions

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25
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation;
displacement beyond usual anatomical
limitation, “double jointed

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26
Q

Movements at synovial joints

A
  1. linear movemets
  2. angular movements
  3. rotational movements
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27
Q

linear movements

A

-gliding

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28
Q

gliding

A

slight movement in any direction

29
Q

angular movements (one plane of motion)

A

-flexion
-extension
-hyperextension
-abduction
-adduction
-circumduction

30
Q

flexion

A

reduce angle in sagittal plane

31
Q

extension

A

increase angle in sagittal plane

32
Q

hyperextension

A

extension past anatomical position

33
Q

abduction

A

move toward longitudinal axis in frontal plane

34
Q

circumduction

A

move in loop without rotation

35
Q

rotational movements (turn on axis)

A

-medial rotation
-lateral rotation

36
Q

medial rotation

A

turn in toward body

37
Q

lateral rotation

A

turn out away from body

38
Q

special and specific motion

A

-inversion
-eversion
-dorsiflexion
-plantar flexion
-opposition
-pronation
-supination
-protraction
-retraction
-elevation
-depression

39
Q

inversion

A

turn sole inward

40
Q

eversion

A

turn sole outward

41
Q

dorsiflexion

A

lift toes

42
Q

plantar flexion

A

lift heal

43
Q

opposition

A

thumb across palm

44
Q

pronation

A

medial rotation of radius

45
Q

supination

A

lateral rotaion of radius

46
Q

protraction

A

move anterior

47
Q

retraction

A

move posterior

48
Q

elevation

A

move superior

49
Q

depression

A

move inferior

50
Q

ranges of motion

A
  1. monaxial
  2. biaxial
  3. triaxial
  4. multiaxial
51
Q

monaxial

A

movement in 1 plane

52
Q

biaxial

A

movement in 2 planes

53
Q

triaxial

A

movement in 3 planes

54
Q

multiaxial

A

glididng joints, all directions

55
Q

Types of synovial joints

A
  1. gliding/plane joint
  2. hinge joint
  3. pivot joint
  4. ellipsoidal joint
  5. saddle joint
    6 ball and socket joint
56
Q

Gliding/plane joint

A

flat surfaces slide in any direction

57
Q

hinge joint

A

cylindrical projection intrough-shaped surface

58
Q

Pivot joint

A

round projection in ring shaped depression

59
Q

ellipsoidal joint

A

oval facet in oval depression

60
Q

saddle joint

A

concave surface into convex surface

61
Q

ball and socket joint

A

spherical head into cup like socket

62
Q

Age related changes

A

-rheumatism
-arthritis
-osteoarthritis
-rheumatoid arhritis
-ankylosis
-gouty arthritis

63
Q

Rheumatism

A

pain and stiffness of skeletal system

64
Q

arthritis

A

rheumatism of synovial joints cayse by damage to articular cartilage

65
Q

osteoarthritis

A

age 60+ cumulative wear and tear erodes cartilage

66
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune attack chronic inflammation and damage to joint

67
Q

ankylosis

A

ossification of the joint due to untreated RA

68
Q

gouty arthritis

A

crystals of uric acid from nucleic acid metabolism form in synovial fluid damage cartilage

A&P 1 (21 decks)

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