chapter 9 skeletal system

Question 1

articulation

Answer 1

-def: joint site where two or more bones meet
-function connect bones together but provide mobility in skeleton

Question 2

Anatomical/Structural classification of joints (based on connecting material)

Answer 2

1. fibrous
2. cartilaginous
3. synovial

Question 3

Fibrous

Answer 3

bones joined by CT with no space

Question 4

cartilaginous

Answer 4

bones joined by pad or bridge of cartilage

Question 5

synovial

Answer 5

bones separated by fluid- filled cavity surrounded by CT

Question 6

Physiological/functional classification of joints (based on amount of movement

Answer 6

1. synarthrosis
2. amphiarthrosis
3. diarthrosis

Question 7

synarthrosis

Answer 7

immovable joint( fibrous or cartilaginous)

Question 8

amphiarthrosis

Answer 8

slightly moveable joint (fibrous or cartilaginous)

Question 9

diathrosis

Answer 9

freely moveable joint (always synovial)

Question 10

increased mobility

Answer 10

decreased stability

Question 11

Synarthroses ( immovable strength)

Answer 11

1. synostosis
2. suture
3. Gomphosis
4. synchondrosis

Question 12

synostosis

Answer 12

fused bones

Question 13

suture

Answer 13

interlocked bones, sealed with dense CT

Question 14

Gomphosis

Answer 14

tooth in alveolar socket, held by periodontal ligaments

Question 15

synchondrosis

Answer 15

hyaline cartilage bridge between bones

Question 16

amphiathroses (slightly moveable, strength with some mobility)

Answer 16

1. Syndesmosis
2. Symphysis

Question 17

syndesmosis

Answer 17

bones connected by ligament

Question 18

ligament

Answer 18

band of dense regular CT

Question 19

symphysis

Answer 19

bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage

Question 20

joint injuries

Answer 20

-sprain
-bursitis

Question 21

sprain

Answer 21

damage to ligament, some collagen torn, slow to heal

Question 22

bursitis

Answer 22

inflammation of a bursa due to trauma, infection or repetitive motion

Question 23

synovial joints stabilized by articular capsule and accessory structures to restrict mobility

Answer 23

Increased mobility= decreased stability=increased chance of dislocation (luxation)

Question 24

luxation

Answer 24

dislocation; joint displacement,
usually damages cartilage, ligaments,
and capsule, pain receptors in all CT of the
joint, except articular cartilage, to
prevent actions

Question 25

subluxation

Answer 25

partial dislocation; displacement beyond usual anatomical limitation, “double jointed

Question 26

Movements at synovial joints

Answer 26

1. linear movemets 2. angular movements 3. rotational movements

Question 27

linear movements

Answer 27

-gliding

Question 28

gliding

Answer 28

slight movement in any direction

Question 29

angular movements (one plane of motion)

Answer 29

-flexion -extension -hyperextension -abduction -adduction -circumduction

Question 30

flexion

Answer 30

reduce angle in sagittal plane

Question 31

extension

Answer 31

increase angle in sagittal plane

Question 32

hyperextension

Answer 32

extension past anatomical position

Question 33

abduction

Answer 33

move toward longitudinal axis in frontal plane

Question 34

circumduction

Answer 34

move in loop without rotation

Question 35

rotational movements (turn on axis)

Answer 35

-medial rotation -lateral rotation

Question 36

medial rotation

Answer 36

turn in toward body

Question 37

lateral rotation

Answer 37

turn out away from body

Question 38

special and specific motion

Answer 38

-inversion -eversion -dorsiflexion -plantar flexion -opposition -pronation -supination -protraction -retraction -elevation -depression

Question 39

inversion

Answer 39

turn sole inward

Question 40

eversion

Answer 40

turn sole outward

Question 41

dorsiflexion

Answer 41

lift toes

Question 42

plantar flexion

Answer 42

lift heal

Question 43

opposition

Answer 43

thumb across palm

Question 44

pronation

Answer 44

medial rotation of radius

Question 45

supination

Answer 45

lateral rotaion of radius

Question 46

protraction

Answer 46

move anterior

Question 47

retraction

Answer 47

move posterior

Question 48

elevation

Answer 48

move superior

Question 49

depression

Answer 49

move inferior

Question 50

ranges of motion

Answer 50

1. monaxial 2. biaxial 3. triaxial 4. multiaxial

Question 51

monaxial

Answer 51

movement in 1 plane

Question 52

biaxial

Answer 52

movement in 2 planes

Question 53

triaxial

Answer 53

movement in 3 planes

Question 54

multiaxial

Answer 54

glididng joints, all directions

Question 55

Types of synovial joints

Answer 55

1. gliding/plane joint 2. hinge joint 3. pivot joint 4. ellipsoidal joint 5. saddle joint 6 ball and socket joint

Question 56

Gliding/plane joint

Answer 56

flat surfaces slide in any direction

Question 57

hinge joint

Answer 57

cylindrical projection intrough-shaped surface

Question 58

Pivot joint

Answer 58

round projection in ring shaped depression

Question 59

ellipsoidal joint

Answer 59

oval facet in oval depression

Question 60

saddle joint

Answer 60

concave surface into convex surface

Question 61

ball and socket joint

Answer 61

spherical head into cup like socket

Question 62

Age related changes

Answer 62

-rheumatism -arthritis -osteoarthritis -rheumatoid arhritis -ankylosis -gouty arthritis

Question 63

Rheumatism

Answer 63

pain and stiffness of skeletal system

Question 64

arthritis

Answer 64

rheumatism of synovial joints cayse by damage to articular cartilage

Question 65

osteoarthritis

Answer 65

age 60+ cumulative wear and tear erodes cartilage

Question 66

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 66

autoimmune attack chronic inflammation and damage to joint

Question 67

ankylosis

Answer 67

ossification of the joint due to untreated RA

Question 68

gouty arthritis

Answer 68

crystals of uric acid from nucleic acid metabolism form in synovial fluid damage cartilage