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anatomy and physiology exam 3 > chapter 9- skeletal system > Flashcards

chapter 9- skeletal system Flashcards

1
Q

articulation

A

-joint; site where two or more
bones meet
-connect bones but provide
mobility in skeleton

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2
Q

fibrous (anatomical/structural classification of joints)

A

bones joined by fibrous C.T. with no space

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3
Q

cartilaginous (anatomical/structural classification of joints)

A

bones joined by a pad or
bridge of cartilage

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4
Q

what is a synarthrosis that consists of interlocked bones with dense connective tissue between bones?

A

suture

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5
Q

what is an amphiarthrosis that consists of a fibrocartilage pad between bones?

A

symphysis

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6
Q

articular cartilage is composed of what cartilage?

A

hyaline

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7
Q

accessory ligaments of a diathesis function to what the joint?

A

strengthen

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8
Q

the synovial membrane makes of the inner layer of the what?

A

articular capsule

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9
Q

a what is an injury to an articulation where the ligament has been damaged?

A

sprain

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10
Q

when the body is in anatomical position, the knee and elbows are what?

A

extended

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11
Q

the specific movement of crossing the thumb across the palm is called what?

A

opposition

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12
Q

turning your palms up is the specific movement of what?

A

supination

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13
Q

the carpals are gliding joints that demonstrate a what range of motion?

A

multiaxial

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14
Q

both the shoulders and your hip are and what joints are capable of a triaxial range of motion?

A

ball and socket

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15
Q

what disease involves an autoimmune chronic inflammation of a joint that leads to damage?

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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16
Q

synovial (anatomical structural classification of joints)

A

bones separated by fluid-filed cavity, surrounded by C.T.

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17
Q

what is the anatomical/structural classification of joints based on?

A

connecting material

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18
Q

what is the physiological/function classification of joints based on?

A

amount of movement

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19
Q

synarthrosis (physiological/function classification of joints)

A

immovable joint (fibrous or cartilaginous)

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20
Q

amphiarthrosis (physiological/function classification of joints

A

slightly moveable joint (fibrous or cartilaginous)

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21
Q

diarthrosis (physiological/function classification of joints)

A

freely moveable joint (always synovial)

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22
Q

what does increased mobility equal?

A

decreases stability

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23
Q

synostosis (synarthroses)

A

fused bones

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24
Q

suture (synarthroses)

A

interlocked bones, sealed with dense C.T.

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25
Q

gomphosis (synarthroses)

A

tooth in alveolar socket, held by periodontal ligaments

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26
Q

synchondrosis (synarthroses)

A

hyaline cartilage bridge between bones

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27
Q

syndesmosis (amphiarthroses)

A

bones connected by ligament =band of dense regular C.T.

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28
Q

symphysis (amphiarthroses)

A

bones separated by pad of fibrocartilage

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29
Q

articular cartilage (diarthroses/synovial joint feature)

A

hyaline cartilage, no perichondrium/periosteum

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30
Q

synovial cavity (diarthroses/synovial joint feature)

A

space between/around opposing bones, has synovial fluid

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31
Q

articular capsule (diarthroses/synovial joint feature)

A

-2 layers
-outer: dense irregular C.T., continuous with periosteum
-inner: synovial membrane membrane (areolar C.T.) covers inside surface of cavity except articular cartilage, secretes synovial fluid

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32
Q

synovial fluid (diarthroses/synovial joint feature)

A

-filtrate from blood plasma + hyaluronic acid from fibroblasts
-functions: lubrication, shock absorption & nutrient distribution

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33
Q

meniscus (accessory structures of diatrhroses)

A

fibrocartilage pad subdivides the cavity or changes shape of articular surface, limits range motion

34
Q

fat pad (accessory structures of diatrhroses)

A

adipose, superficial to capsule, protection and space filler

35
Q

accessory ligaments (accessory structures of diatrhroses)

A

dense regular C.T., either part of capsule, inside joint or outside capsule, strengthen joint

36
Q

tendons (accessory structures of diatrhroses)

A

dense regular C.T. attach muscle to bone, add stability to joint

37
Q

bursa (accessory structures of diatrhroses)

A

synovial fluid-filled pocket, reduces friction

38
Q

synovial tendon sheath (accessory structures of diatrhroses)

A

tubular bursa around a tendon

39
Q

sprain

A

damage to pigment, some collagen torn, slow to heal

40
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa due to trauma, infection, or repetitive motion

41
Q

synovial joints stabilized by articular capsule and accessory structures restrict mobility:

A

increase in mobility = decrease in stability = increase chance of dislocation

42
Q

luxation

A

dislocation, joint déplacement, usually damages cartilage, ligaments, & capsule, pain receptors in all C.T. of the joint, except articular cartilage to prevent actions

43
Q

subluxation

A

partial dislocation, displacement beyond usual anatomical limitation, “double jointed”

44
Q

linear movements (movements at synovial joints)

A

gliding: slight movement in any direction

45
Q

angular movements (movements at synovial joints)

A

one plane of motion

46
Q

flexion (angular movement)

A

reduce angle in sagittal

47
Q

extension (angular movement)

A

increase angle in sagittal plane

48
Q

hyperextension (angular movement)

A

extension past anatomical position

49
Q

abduction (angular movement)

A

move away from longitudinal axis in frontal plane

50
Q

adduction (angular movement)

A

move toward longitudinal axis in the frontal plane

51
Q

circumduction (angular movement)

A

move in loop without rotation

52
Q

rotational movements

A

turn on axis

53
Q

medial rotation (rotational movement)

A

turn in toward body

54
Q

lateral rotation (rotational movement)

A

turn out away from body

55
Q

inversion (special & specific motion)

A

turn sole (foot) inward

56
Q

eversion (special & specific motion)

A

turn sole (foot) outward

57
Q

dorsiflexion(special & specific motion)

A

lift toes

58
Q

plantar flexion(special & specific motion)

A

lift heal of foot

59
Q

opposition(special & specific motion)

A

thumb across palm

60
Q

pronation(special & specific motion)

A

medial rotation of radius

61
Q

supination(special & specific motion)

A

lateral rotation of radius

62
Q

protaction(special & specific motion)

A

move anterior

63
Q

retraction(special & specific motion)

A

move posterior

64
Q

elevation(special & specific motion)

A

more superior

65
Q

depression(special & specific motion)

A

move inferior

66
Q

monaxial (ranges of motion)

A

movement in 1 planes

67
Q

biaxial (ranges of motion)

A

movement in 2 planes

68
Q

triaxial (ranges of motion)

A

movement in 3 planes

69
Q

multiaxial (ranges of motion)

A

gliding joints, all directions

70
Q

gliding/plane joint (types of synovial joints)

A

-flat surfaces, slide in any direction
-movement: slight nonaxial/multiaxial
-vertebrocostal joints & intercarpal/intertarsal joints

71
Q

hinge joint (types of synovial joints)

A

-cylindrical projection in trough-shaped surface
-movement: monaxial
-elbow & knee joint

72
Q

pivot joint (types of synovial joints)

A

-round projection in ring-shaped depression
-movement: monaxial
-atlas/axial & proximal radioulnar joint

73
Q

ellipsoidal joint (types of synovial joints)

A

-oval facet in oval depression
-movement: biaxial
-radiocarpal joint & metatarsophalangeal joints

74
Q

saddle joint (types of synovial joints)

A

-concave surface into convex surface
-movement: biaxial
-first carpometacarpal joint

75
Q

ball and socket (types of synovial joints)

A

-spherical head into cup-like socket
-movement: triaxial
-shoulder joint & hip joint

76
Q

rheumatism

A

pain & stiffness of skeletal system

77
Q

arthritis

A

rheumatism of synovial joints, caused by damage to articular cartilage

78
Q

osteoarthitis

A

age 60+, cumulative wear and tear erodes cartilage

79
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

autoimmune attack, chronic inflammation, and damage to joint

80
Q

ankylosis

A

ossification of the joint due to untreated rheumatoid arthritis

81
Q

gouty arthritis

A

crystals of uric acid from nucleic acid metabolism form in synovial fluid, damages cartilage

anatomy and physiology exam 3 (5 decks)

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