Chapter 9 Vocab

Question 1

Member of Inca aristocracy who led a rebellion against Spanish authorities in Peru in 1780-1781. He was captured and executed with his wife and other members of his family

Answer 1

Tupac Amaru II

Question 2

In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the enslaved and most of the land, especially in the 18th century

Answer 2

Plantocracy

Question 3

A privileged enslaved male whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation

Answer 3

Driver

Question 4

An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by enslaved people newly arrived in the Americas

Answer 4

Seasoning

Question 5

War that devastated much of southern New England in 1675-1676. It began as a conflict between the Wampanoag and Plymouth Colony but soon engulfed all New England colonies

Answer 5

Metacom’s War

Question 6

The most successful Indian uprising in a American history - Pueblo people rose against the Spanish in 1680, forcing the survivors to retreat down the Rio Grande

Answer 6

Pueblo Revolt

Question 7

An enslaved person who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway enslaved people in the West Indies and South America

Answer 7

Maroon

Question 8

Doctrine whereby the monarch holds supreme autocratic authority without restraint by written laws

Answer 8

Absolutism

Question 9

In colonial Spanish America, term used to describe someone of European descent born in the New World. Elsewhere in the Americas, the term is used to describe all non-native peoples

Answer 9

Creole

Question 10

The term used by Spanish authorities to describe someone of mixed Amerindian and European descent

Answer 10

Mestizos

Question 11

A grant of legal freedom to an individual enslaved person

Answer 11

Manumission

Question 12

The last of the 3 shogunates of Japan

Answer 12

Tokugawa Shogunate

Question 13

In early modern Europe, the class of well-off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, commerce, and allied professions

Answer 13

Bourgeoisie

Question 14

The class of landholding families in England below the aristocracy

Answer 14

Gentry

Question 15

A century long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable

Answer 15

Little Ice Age

Question 16

The removal of trees faster than forests can replace themselves

Answer 16

Deforestation