Chapter B2 Flashcards
How many chromosomes are there in one body cell, where are they located, where do we inherit our chromosomes from and name how many pairs the body cells have.
There are 46 chromosomes in the nucleus of body cells. They are arranged in 23 pairs and, in each pair of chromosomes, one is inherited from the farther and the other from the mother.
How many chromosomes do sex cells have in total along with each pair. (Also, state the proper name for sex cells).
Sex cells, otherwise known as gametes, only have one chromosome from each pair, so they only have 23 chromosomes in total.
What is the name given for when body cells divide in a series of stages.
Body cells divide in a series of stages known as the cell cycle.
What is the name given to the process, that is involved with cell division, in the cell cycle?
Cell division in the cell cycle involves a process called mitosis.
Explain how mitosis helps multicellular organisms and what does it produce.
The process of mitosis produces two identical daughter cells. Because of this, cell division by mitosis produces the additional cells needed for growth and development in multicellular organisms, and for the replacement of worn out or damaged cells.
How many stages are there in the cell cycle and describe stage one.
There are 3 stages of the cell cycle.
Stage one of the cell cycle is the longest stage. This is where the cells grow bigger, increase their mass, and also increase the number of sub cellular structures. Most importantly, they replicate their DNA to form two copies of each chromosome ready for cell division.
Describe stage two of the cell cycle.
Stage two of the cell cycle involves the process of mitosis, in which one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides.
Describe stage three of the cell cycle.
Stage 3 of the cell cycle is when the cytoplasm and the cell membrane also divide to from two identical daughter cells.
Stem cells
