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Pharmacology- Keiser > Chapter Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter Definitions Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Define Pharmacology

A

Study of medicines
how they are administered
how they respond in the body.

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2
Q

Define Therapeutics

A

Treatment of disease & suffering

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3
Q

Pharmacotherapy
Aka: PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

A

Drug administration for the purpose of treating disease and alleviating suffering

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4
Q

Define a Drug

A

Chemical agent capable of producing biological responses

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5
Q

Medication

A

After drug is administered

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6
Q

Define Biologics

A

Naturally Produced Agents

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7
Q

Define Biosimilars

A

Chemically synthetic drugs closely related to FDA approved biologic medications

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8
Q

CAM therapies
(Complementary and alternative medicine therapies)

A

Involves techniques outside of conventional therapeutics

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9
Q

Define Therapeutic classification

A

Organization of drugs based on usefulness in treating diseases

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10
Q

Pharmacologic classification

A

Organized drugs based on response in the body.

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11
Q

Define Mechanism of action

A

How drug produces physiologic effects in the body

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12
Q

Prototype

A

Well-understood drug model other drug in similar class are compared to

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13
Q

Define Chemical name

A

Assigned using standard nomenclature established by IUPAC (international union of pure and applied chemistry)

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14
Q

Generic name

A

Assigned by US Adopted Name Council; less complicated & easier to remember (only one generic name per drug).

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15
Q

Define how Biosimilars are used

A

generic name followed by 4 lower case letters approved by FDA

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16
Q

Define Trade name

A

Assigned by company marketing ($$$) drug; they own it.

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17
Q

Combination drug

A

Contains more than 1 active generic ingredient

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18
Q

Define Pharmacoeconomics

A

Compares value of one drug to another; balances cost and benefits of interventions

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19
Q

Define Formulary

A

Drug lists & recipes

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20
Q

Define Pharmacopoeia

A

Medical reference summarizing standards of drug purity/ strength/ synthesis directions

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21
Q

Define FDA

A

US food & drug administration was establishes as agency of HHS (US department of health human surfaces

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22
Q

Define CDER
Aka: center of drug evaluation and research

A

Branch of the FDA with control over OTC/prescription use in drug therapy; facilitates safe/effective drugs on the market.

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23
Q

Preclinical investigation

A

Extensive lab testing/research

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24
Q

Black box warning

A

Information located in package inserts identifying extreme adverse reactions

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25
What is Clinical investigation?
2nd phase of drug testing; takes place in clinical phase trials
26
Define Clinical phase trials
3 different phases & the longest part of drug approval process
27
NDA (New drug application)
Must be submitted before a drug is allowed to proceed to next phase of application process
28
IND (Investigational new drug)
May be submitted for phase 1 clinical trials when it is determined to have therapeutic benefits and product is reasonably safe for humans
29
Define NDA Review
Third phase; trade name is finalized in this phase.
30
Post marketing surveillance
Final phase; surveys drug effects in larger population
31
Define Accelerated approval program
Allows earlier drug approval to treat serious conditions
32
How is Dependence defined?
Defined as Physical or psychological
33
How would you define Physical dependence of a drug?
Altered physical condition caused by adaptation of nervous system to repeated drug use.
34
Withdrawal
Expressed physical signs of discomfort from lack of drug
35
Psychological dependence
Compelling desire to keep using drug(s)
36
Controlled substances
Drug restricted in use by Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
37
Scheduled drugs
Classified according to abuse potential; schedule l being the highest for abuse potential and schedule V having the lowest abuse potential.
38
Teratogenic risk
Places drugs in category based of fetal/pregnancy harm; category A, B, C, D, X. X poses the most risk; A poses the least risk.
39
AE (Adverse event) (Adverse effect)
Undesirable drug effect
40
Side effect
Non-therapeutic drug reactions
41
Allergic reactions
An acquired hyper-response of the body to a foreign invader
42
Five rights of drug administration
1. Right pt 2. Right med 3. Right dose 4. Right route 5. Right time
43
Three checks of drug administration
1. Check drug with MAR at least 3x 2. Check drug before use or taking out of package 3. Check before administration to patient
44
Adherence
Taking medication as prescribed
45
STAT order
Any med needed immediately and only given once
46
ASAP order
Not as immediate as STAT order; should be given in at least 30 minutes after ordered
47
Single order
Drug given only once & at specific time
48
PRN order
As needed
49
Routine orders
1. STAT 2. PRN 3. ASAP 4. NOW
50
Standing orders
Written in advanced for a specific circumstance
51
Enteral route
Drugs given orally, or through GI/nasogastric tubes
52
EC (Enteric-coated)
Designed to dissolve in alkaline environment of small intestines
53
SR (Sustained-release)
Releases med over extended period of time; allows for one to two a day dosing.
54
Sublingual route
Placed under tongue and allowed to dissolve slowly
55
Buccal route
Tablet/capsule placed between gum & cheek; must be sure pt doesn’t manipulate location of med, it could change how it is absorbed
56
ODTs (Orally disintegrating tablets)
Oral soluble film; no need for water, quick dissolvent
57
Astringent effect
Drops/sprays ability to shrink swollen mucous membranes or loosen secretions to cause drainage. Brings immediate relief
58
Parenteral route
Delivers med by: Needle through skin Sub-Q IM IV
59
ID Intradermal
Injection into the dermis
60
Subcutaneous
Delivered to deeper tissue layers associated w/ skin.
61
IM Intramuscular
Delivers meds into specific muscles
62
4 common IM injection sites:
Ventrogluteal- (preferred for IM) Deltoid Dorsogluteal- Rarely used; high risk in causing sciatic nerve damage Vastus lateralis
63
IV Intravenous
Delivered directly into bloodstream
64
3 basic IV routes:
Long-Volume Infusion: Is for fluid maintenance, replacement, or supplementation. Intermittent Infusion: Small amount of IV med piggybacked to primary large-volume infusion IV Bolus (PUSH) administration: Delivered directly into circulation via Syringe with single dose med

Pharmacology- Keiser (5 decks)

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