Prototypes Flashcards
(227 cards)
1
Q
What is ZidovuDINE?
A
NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
2
Q
What is the classification EfaVIRENZ under?
A
NNRTI
(Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors)
3
Q
What classification is DoluteGRAVIR under?
A
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor
4
Q
What classification is Acyclovir under?
A
Nucleoside analog
5
Q
What is the classification of CyclophosPHAMIDE?
Hint: PHAMIDE sandwich, yellow with no acid
A
Alkylating agent; nitrogen mustard
6
Q
What is Methotrexate?
A
Antimetabolite; folic acid analog
7
Q
What is DoxoRUBICIN used to treat?
A
Antitumor/antineoplastic; antibiotic
8
Q
VinCRISTINE
A
Vinca alkaloid, mitotic inhibitor, natural product
9
Q
TamoXIFEN
A
Estrogen receptor antagonist
10
Q
Lorazepam
(Ativan)
A
Therapeutic class: Sedative-hypnotic; anxiolytic; anesthesia adjunct
Pharmacologic class: Benzodiazepine; GABAa-receptor agonist
11
Q
Escitalopram
(Lexapro)
A
Therapeutic class: Antidepressant; Anxiolytic
Pharmacologic class: SSRI (selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor
12
Q
Zolpidem
(Ambein, edluar, intermezzo)
A
Therapeutic class: sedative-hypnotic
Pharmacologic class: Nonbenzodiazepine GABAa receptor agonist; nonbenzodiazepine, nonbarbiturate CNS depressant
13
Q
What is the prototype for anticholinergics?
A
Atropine
14
Q
What are antibiotics?
A
Chemicals inhibiting specific bacteria
15
Q
What are the 2 types of antibiotics?
A
Bacteriostatic
Bactericidal
16
Q
What are bacteriostatics?
A
Prevents bacterial growth
17
Q
What is bactericidals?
A
Directly kills bacteria
18
Q
What are gram + bacteria characteristics?
A
Cell wall retains stain
Commonly associated w/ infections of respiratory & soft tissue
Example: strep
19
Q
What are characteristics of gram - bacteria?
A
Cell wall loses stain
Associated with infection of GU/GI
Example: E. Coli
20
Q
What are the gram + bacteria?
A
Staph
Strep
Enterococcus
21
Q
What is the gram - bacteria?
A
All the rest
22
Q
What are aerobic bacteria?
A
Depend on O2
23
Q
What is anaerobic bacteria?
A
Doesn’t use O2
24
Q
What does synergistic mean?
A
Combined effect is greater than their effect given individually
25
What are interferons?
Released by host in response to viral invasion & prevents replication
26
What is the prototype for herpes & cytomegalovirus?
Acyclovir
27
What is the pharmacological action of acyclovir?
Inhibits viral DNA replication
28
What are the adverse effects of acyclovir?
Headache
Vertigo
Tremors
Nausea/ vomiting
Rash
29
What is the prototype for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs)?
Nevirapine
30
What is the Pharmacologic action of nevirapine?
Blocks HIV-1 replication by changing enzyme structure
31
What are the adverse effects of nevirapine?
Headache
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Rash
Liver dysfunction
Chills
Fever
32
What is the prototype for nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)?
Zidovudine
33
What is the pharmacological actions of zidovudine?
Inhibits replications of retroviruses
34
What are the adverse effects of zidovudine?
Headache
Insomnia
Dizzy
Nausea
Diarrhea
Fever
Rash
Bone marrow suppression
35
What is the prototype for protease inhibitors?
Fosamprenavir
36
What are antineoplastic agents?
Alkalyting agents
Antimetabolites
Antineoplastics
Mitotic inhibitors
Hormones & hormone modulators
Cancer specific agents
37
What is the pharmacological action of alkylating agents?
Chemically react with RNA/DNA
38
What is the Pharmacologic actions of antimetabolites?
Inhibits DNA production in cells
39
What are the Pharmacologic actions for antineoplastics?
Cytotoxic; interfere w/ cellular DNA synthesis
40
What is the Pharmacologic actions of mitotic inhibitors?
Kills cells when mitosis begins inhibiting DNA synthesis
41
What are cancer cell specific agents?
Protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Proteasome inhibitors
Monoclonal antibodies
42
What is the Pharmacologic action of protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Acts on protein building tumor cells
43
What are the Pharmacologic actions of hormones & hormone modulators?
Blocks stimulation of growing cancer cells
44
What do antimalarials do?
Attacks parasite at various stages of development
45
Types of antimalarials?
Schizonticidal
Gametocytocidal
Sporontocidal
46
What does schizonticidal antimalarials do?
Act against RBC phase of life cycle
47
What does gametocytocidal antimalarials do?
Acts against gametocytes
48
What do sporontocidal antimalarials do?
Acts against parasite developing into mosquito
Or
Against tissue schizonts
49
What is the prototype for antimalarials?
Quinine
50
What is quinine’s Pharmacologic action?
Prevent acute malaria
51
What is the pharmacological action of antiprotozoal drugs?
Hint: stop replicating easy targets
Inhibit DNA synthesis in susceptible Protozoa
52
What is antihelmintic drugs?
Anti worm/parasitic meds
53
What is Azole antifungals for?
Systemic & topical fungal infections
54
What is the prototype for antifungals?
Hint: Fungals hate F-ing Azoles
Fluconazole
55
What is another prototype for antifungals?
Clotrimazole
56
What are drugs that have a direct effect in the inflammatory response?
Salicylates
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs)
Antiarthritic
57
What is the pharmacological action of salicylates?
Hint: Sali cop Stops Prostas
Inhibit synthesis of prostaglandin
58
What is the pharmacological action of NSAIDs?
Relief of RA/osteoporosis S&S; relief of mild—moderate pain
59
What are immune modulators for?
Modify immune system actions
60
What are immune stimulants used for?
Used in immune exhaustion
61
What are immune suppressants used for?
Block normal immune effects
62
What is the prototype for immune stimulants?
Interferon alfa-2b
63
What is the pharmacological action of interferon alfa-2b?
Hint: fero seems 2b stoping all Virions
Interferes w/ virus particle replication inside cells
64
What is the prototype for interleukin immune stimulants?
Aldesleukin
65
What is the pharmacological actions of aldesleukin?
Hint: skiing; stimulating to go up the mountain, the height inhibits my excitement growth
Stimulates cellular immunity and inhibits tumor growth
66
What is the prototype of colony-stimulating immune stimulants?
Hint: Fil grabs stims land
Filgrastim
67
What is the pharmacological action of filgrastim?
Increases neutrophil production
or
Increases proliferation & differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells & active mature granulocytes/monocytes
68
What should not be combined in use with colony- stimulating immune stimulants?
Lithium & corticosteroids
69
What is the prototype for T & B cell immune suppressants?
Hint: what comes after B but before T, C!
Cyclosporine
70
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Single B cell clone, reacts to specific antigens
71
What is the prototype for monoclonal antibodies?
Bevacizumab
(Hint)b cells
72
What is the action of bevacizumab?
Hint: b-mab grabs Abony specifically before anything happened
attaches Antibodies to specific receptor sites being developed
73
What are vaccines and immune sera used for?
Stimulates antibody production
Provide antibodies for immune reaction
Produces toxins specific to pathogen/venin
74
What is immune sera?
Preformed antibodies found in globulin w/ specific developed antibodies to disease(s)
75
What is the prototype for vaccines?
MMR
Measles, mumps, rubella
76
What is the prototype for immune sera?
Immune globulin IM
77
What is the use for Anxiolytics & Hypnotic agents?
Alter response to environmental stimuli
78
What is the prototype for Anxiolytics?
Diazepam
Benzos (benzodiazepines)
79
What is the prototype for Anxiolytic-hypnotics?
Phenobarbital
(Barbiturates)
Hint: downers
80
What withdrawal symptoms does Benzos & Barbs treat?
Panic attacks
Insomnia
Cravings
Tremors
Confusion
Seizures
Coma
Death
81
What is the mechanism of action for Benzos?
Acts as CNS depressant
82
What does anxiolytics treat?
Relieves anxiety
83
What does anticonvulsants treat?
Manages seizures
84
What does hypnotics treat?
Insomnia
85
What does Benzos enhance?
GABA
Gamma-AminoButyric Acid
86
What is Biogenic Amine Theory?
Results from NE (norepinephrine), Dopamine, Serotonin deficiency
87
What are the 4 main types of antidepressants?
TCAs- tricyclic antidepressant
MAOIs- monoamine oxidase inhibitors
SSRIs- selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
SNRIs- serotonin norepinephrine inhibitors
88
What is the prototype for TCAs?
Imipramine
89
What is the mechanism of action for imipramine?
Reduce uptake of serotonin (5HT) & NE (norepinephrine)
90
What should you NOT do with imipramine?
Withdraw abruptly
91
What is the prototype for MAOIs?
Phenelzine
92
What is the mechanism of action for phenelzine?
Irreversibly inhibits MAO to breakdown Biogenic amines NE (norepinephrine), dopamine, serotonin (5HT)
93
What is phenelzine toxic to?
Tyramine
94
What does phenelzine relieve?
Depression
95
What is the prototype for SSRIs?
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
96
SSRIs can be referred to as?
Happy pills (:
97
What are the 4 SNRIs available?
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Venlafaxine (Effexor)
Pristiq (desevnlafaxine)
Fetzima
98
What is the mechanism of action for SNRIs?
Decreased re-uptake of serotonin (5HT) & NE (norepinephrine); weakly inhibits Dopamine
99
What is psychotherapeutic agents?
Drugs used to treat psychoses and behavioral disorder
100
What are the mental disorders?
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Narcolepsy
Attention deficit disorder
101
What is the most common type of psychosis?
Schizophrenia
102
What is the action of antipsychotic/Neuroleptic drugs?
Block dopamine receptors
103
What are the contraindications of antipsychotic/Neuroleptic drugs?
CNS depression
Circulatory collapse
Parkinson’s disease
Coronary disease
Severe hypotension
Prolonged QT intervals
Underlying diseases
104
What are the adverse effects of antipsychotic/Neuroleptic drugs?
Sedation
Weakness
Tremors
Constipation
Drowsiness
Extrapyramidal effects
Dry mouth
Nasal congestion
105
What are the extrapyramidal effects of antipsychotic/Neuroleptic drugs?
Pseudoparkinsonism
Dystonia
Akathisia
Tardive dyskinesia
Potentially irreversible neuroleptic malignant syndrome
106
What should the nurse assess for when taking antipsychotic/Neuroleptic drugs?
Hx & physical
Allergies
Brain damage
Severe hypotension
Glaucoma
Respiratory depression
Diabetes
Urinary/intestinal obstruction
Thyrotoxicosis
Seizures
Bone marrow suppression
Pregnancy/lactation
Myelography w/in 24hr/scheduled in 48 hrs
VS
CNS orientation
Affect
Reflexes
Renal/hepatic tests
107
What are the actions of lithium?
Alters NA+ transport
Stops NE & dopamine release from stimulated neurons
Increases NE storage in intra-neuronal stores; dopamine slightly
Decreases content of 2nd messengers
108
Where is lithium absorbed?
GI tract
109
T/F: Does lithium cross the blood-brain barrier, slightly?
True
110
How much of lithium is reabsorbed by the kidneys during excretion?
80%
111
What are the contraindications for lithium?
Allergy
Renal/cardiac disease
Leukemia
Metabolic disorders
Pregnancy/lactation
112
What are the adverse effects of lithium?
Effects lithium serum level directly
113
What does a lithium serum level of less 1.5 cause?
Lethargy
Slurred speech
Muscle weakness
Nausea/vomiting
114
What does lithium serum level of 1.5 to 2 cause?
Above reactions
ECG changes
115
What does lithium serum levels of 2-2.5 cause?
Ataxia
Clonic movements
Hyperflexia
Seizures
116
What does a >2.5 lithium serum level cause?
Complex multi organ toxicity
Significant risk of death
117
What are the drugs that interact w/ lithium?
Haloperidol
Carbamazepine
Thiazide diuretics
118
What should the nurse assess for when taking anti manic drugs?
Hx & physical
Allergy
Renal or CV disease
Dehydration
NA+ depletion
Diuretic use
Protracted sweating
Diarrhea
Suicidal/impulsive w/depression
Pregnancy/lactation
Infection w/ fever
Urinary output
Renal function tests
Serum lithium levels
119
What are the actions of CNS stimulants?
Increase postsynaptic neuron stimulation
120
What is the indication for use for CNS stimulants?
Treatment for narcolepsy & attention deficit disorders
121
Where does CNS stimulants get rapidly absorbed?
GI tract
122
Where are CNS stimulants get metabolized & secreted?
Liver= metabolized
Kidneys= excreted
123
What is the half life of CNS stimulants?
2-15 hrs
124
What are the contraindications for CNS stimulants?
Allergy
Marked anxiety
Agitation
Tension
Severe fatigue
Glaucoma
125
What are adverse effects of CNS stimulants?
Nervousness
Insomnia
Dizziness
Headache
Blurred vision
Anorexia
Nausea
Weight loss
126
What are the drug interactions of CNS stimulants?
MAOI
Guanethidine
Tricyclic antidepressants
Phenytonin
127
What should the nurse assess for when taking CNS stimulants?
Hx & physical
Allergies
Glaucoma
Anxiety
HTN
Tension
Fatigue
Seizure
Cardiac disease
Pregnancy/lactation
Hx of leukemia
Hx of drug/alcohol dependency
Urinary output
VS including lung sounds
CBC
128
What is the prototype for antiparkinson agents?
Levodopa
129
What does levodopa do?
Increase effects of dopamine receptor sites
130
What is the prototype for anticholinergic drugs?
Benxtropine
131
What are adjunctive agents?
Improves pt response to traditional therapy
132
What are all adjunctive agents used with?
Carbidopa-levodopa
133
What is drug therapy aimed at for Parkinson’s?
Restoring dopamine-acetylcholine balance
134
What are anticholinergics used for?
Blocking excitatory receptors
135
What are dopaminergic drugs used for?
Increase dopamine levels/directly stimulate dopamine receptors
136
What does dopamine do?
Allows you to feel pleasure, satisfaction, motivation
137
What is the most prevalent neurologic disorder?
Epilepsy
138
T/F: epilepsy is a single disease, not a collection of different syndromes characterized by the same feature?
False.
139
What is the same feature characterized by epilepsy?
Sudden discharge of electrical energy; leads to seizure
140
What is a syndrome?
Group of symptoms consistently occurring together
Or
Condition characterized by set of associated symptoms
141
What are the symptoms of seizures?
Confused speech
Muscle contraction
Wandering
Blank stare
Chewing
142
T/F: accurate DX of seizures is important for determining correct meds.
True.
143
What are the 2 classifications of seizures?
Partial- involves one hemisphere
Generalized- involves both hemispheres; loss of consciousness
144
What are the two sub classifications for partial seizures?
Simple- consciousness, not impaired
Complex- consciousness, impaired
145
What are the sub classifications for generalized seizures?
Tonic-clonic
Atonic
Status epilepticus
Absence
Myoclonic
Febrile
146
What are the drugs used to treat epilepsy?
Antiepileptics
Anti seizure
Anticonvulsants
147
T/F: Drug of choice in treatment for epilepsy is not dependent on type, age, specific characteristics.
False.
148
T/F: treatment of epilepsy will never use more than one drug.
False.
149
What does drugs for generalized seizures do?
Stabilize nerve membranes by blocking channels in cell membrane
Or
Altering receptor sites
150
T/F: seizure medications generally work on the CNS & affect the entire brain to reduce the chance of sudden electrical outbursts
True
151
What do these seizures meds include?
Hydantoins
Barbiturates
Barbiturate like drugs
Benzodiazepines
Succinimides
152
What is the prototype for hydantoins?
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
153
T/F: hydantoins are less sedative, making it the drug of choice for pts not wanting to be drowsy or tolerate sedation.
True
154
T/F: hydantoins have significant adverse effects, so Benzos have replaced them for most situations.
True.
155
Barbiturates & Barbiturate like drugs prototype is?
Phenobarbital (Solfoton, Luminal)
156
What is does Barbiturates & Barbiturate like drugs do?
Stop impulse conduction in ascending RAS
157
What is the prototype of Benzos?
Diazepam (Valium)
158
What are the effects of Benzos?
Potentiate GABA effects
159
T/F: Benzos have limited toxicity and are well tolerated by most people.
True
160
T/F: succinimides are most frequently used to treat absence seizures.
True
161
What is the mechanism of action for succinimides?
Unknown
162
T/F: it is only known succinimides suppress abnormal electrical activity in the brain
True
163
What is the prototype for succinimides?
Ethosuximide (Zarontoin)
164
What is the prototype for other drugs treating absence seizures?
Valproic acid (Depakene)
165
T/F: treating partial seizures maybe simple or complex.
True
166
What does the drugs treating partial seizures do?
Stabilize nerve membranes either:
Directly- altering NA+ channels
Indirectly- increasing GABA acvtivity
167
T/F: carbamazepine, felbamate, oxcarbazepine are used in mono therapy, the remaining 4 drugs are used as adjunctive therapy.
True
168
What is the prototype for partial seizure drugs?
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Epitol)
169
What is the fun fact about gabapentin (Neurontin)?
Gabapentin- not a controlled substance; mainly used for diabetes
Neurontin= controlled substance
170
What is a seizure?
Electrical energy from nerve cells located w/in the brain
171
T/F: pts being treated with antiepileptics should be advised to carry a medical alert notification to alert emergency persons.
True
172
T/F: pts being treated w/ anti epileptic are often long-term therapy & require compliance w/ drug regimen/restrictions associated w/ disorder and drug effects.
True
173
What are anxiolytics used to treat?
Seizures
Anxiety
174
What are the anxiolytic drugs?
Benzos
Barbs
Buspirone
175
T/F: the DANGEROUS anxiolytic meds are Benzos & Barbs
True
176
Why are Benzos/Barbs dangerous as anxiolytics?
They are sedatives
Vitals= low/slow
177
T/F: buspirone sedates.
False
178
Good and bad of Benzos use as an anxiolytic?
Good- acts fast
Bad- addictive, highly
179
What should the nurse teach for pt taking Benzos?
Sedation
Sleepy
Suppresses ABCs
180
NCLEX TIP:
What are the key points to remember for Benzos?
Take at bedtime
Don’t skip doses
Ween off; NEVER abruptly stop taking
NO alcohol
DON’T operate machines
181
What is the ANTIDOTE for BENZOS?
Flumazenil
182
What is the ANTIDOTE for OPIODS?
Naloxone
183
What is the good and bad of BARBS as anxiolytics?
Good= lasts longer,
Bad= takes longer too get out; HIGH toxicity risk
184
T/F: buspirone is an atypical anxiolytic.
True
185
What is the good and bad of buspirone as anxiolytic?
Good= no depressant effects
Bad= long time to kick in; slow acting
186
What the key points for buspirone as anxiolytic?
2-4 weeks full effect
No withdrawal
No sedation
No tolerance
No addiction
Safe for long term use
187
What should the nurse teach about buspirone to the pt taking as anxiolytic?
Can drive
Not for acute attacks
Don’t take PRN
Take continuous
188
NCLEX PRACTICE: pt teaching for Diazepam?(select all that apply)
1. Avoid valerian root
2. Avoid Ginkgo & Ginseng
3. Avoid muscle relaxants
4. Report Hx of reaction to midazolam
5. Naloxone is the antidote for this med
6. Decrease alcohol consumption
1. Avoid valerian root (=Valium)
3. Avoid muscle relaxants
4. Report Hx of reaction to midazolam
189
NCLEX PRACTICE: Client on phenobarbital, which of the following should the nurse do? SATA
1. Monitor for HTN
2. Assess for respiratory depression
3. Assess for low BP
4. Teach pt there is NO withdrawal symptoms
5. Teach sedation is an early side effect
2. Assess for respiratory depression
3. Assess for low BP
5. Teach sedation is an early side effect
190
What are the 4 antidepressants?
SSRIs
SNRIs
TCAs
MAOIs
191
NCLEX PT SAFETY: What are the 4 rules of antidepressants?
Increased suicide risk; 1st few weeks into treatment
ALWAYS notify provider if thoughts occur (KEY WORDS: new, unusual, worsening, sudden)
Slow onset & taper off
Never mix:
SSRIs + St. John’s Wart
MAOIs + Antidepressants (TCAS, SSRI, SNRI); leads to deadly serotonin syndrome
ALL psych drugs:
Decrease BP
Cause weight change
192
What is the prototype for class 1 anti arrhythmics?
Lidocaine
193
What is the indication for use of lidocaine?
Management of acute ventricular arrhythmias during cardiac surgery or MI
194
What is the adverse effects of Lidocaine?
Dizzy
Light-headed
Fatigue
Arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest
Vomiting
Anaphylaxis
Hypotension
Vasodilation
195
What is the prototype for class 2 antiarrhythmics?
Propranolol
196
What is the indications for use for propranolol?
Treats supraventricular tachycardia (in the atrium)
197
What is the actions for use of propranolol?
Competitively blocks beta receptors in hear/kidney
Has stabilizing effect
Influences Sympathetic nervous system
198
What is the adverse effects of propranolol?
Bradycardia
HF
Cardiac arrhythmias
Heart blocks
CVA (Cerebrovascular accident)
Pulmonary edema
Gastric pain
Gas
Nausea/vomiting
Diarrhea
Impotence
Decreased exercise tolerance
Antibody development
199
What are Class lll anti-arrhythmics drugs?
Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Dofetilide (Tikosyn)
Ibutilide (Corvert)
Sotalol (Betapace, Betapace AF)
200
What is the indication for use of a class 3 anti arrhythmias?
Life- threatening ventricular arrhythmias
Maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial arrhythmias
201
What are the contraindications for use for a class 3 anti-arrythmias?
None
202
When should you use caution when using a class 3 anti-arrhythmias?
Shock
Hypotension
Respiratory depression
Prolonged QT
Renal/hepatic disease
203
What are the adverse effects of class 3 anti-arrhythmias?
Nausea/vomiting
Weakness
Dizzy
Arrhythmias
204
What is the drug interaction of class 3 anti-arrhythmias?
Digoxin
Quinidine
205
What is the prototype class 3 antiarrhythmics?
Amiodarone (CODE BLUE med)
206
What is the adverse effects of amiodarone?
Malaise
Fatigue
Dizzy
HF
Cardiac arrhythmias
Cardiac arrest
Constipation
Nausea
Vomiting
Hepatotoxicity
Pulmonary toxicity
Corneal microdeposits
Vision changes
207
What is the prototype of class lV antiarrhythmics?
Diltiazem
208
What is the indication for use of diltiazem?
Treatment for paroxysmal (sudden) supraventricular tachycardia, a-fib, atrial flutter
209
What are the adverse effects of diltiazem?
Dizzy
Light headed
Headache
Asthenia
Peripheral edema
Bradycardia
AV block
Flushing
Nausea
Hepatic injury
210
What are other drug used for arrhythmia treatment?
Adenosine
Digoxin
Dronedarone
211
What are the nursing considerations for antiarrhythmics therapy?
Hx/physical
Allergy
Impaired kidney/liver function
HF/heart block
Hypotension
Shock
Respiratory dysfunction
Electrolyte disturbance
Pregnancy/lactation
212
What is the prototype of nitrates?
Nitroglycerin
213
What are the adverse effects of nitroglycerin?
Hypotension
Headache
Dizzy
Tachy
Flushing
Nausea/vomiting
Sweating
Chest pain
214
What is the prototype for cardiac glycosides?
Digoxin (lanoxin = brand)
215
what is the prototype for phosphodiesterase inhibitors?
Milrinone
216
What is the prototype for HCN blocker?
Ivabradine
217
What are contraindications for cardiac glycosides?
Allergy
V-tach
A-fib
Heart block
Sick sinus syndrome
Idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Acute MI
renal insufficiency
electrolyte abnormalities
Pregnancy and lactation
218
What are adverse effects of cardiac glycosides?
Headache
weakness
drowsiness
vision changes
GI upset
anorexia
219
What is the indications for use for a cardiac glycosides?
Treatment of HF & A-fib
220
What are the S&S of digoxin toxicity?
Noncardiac: anorexia, nausea/vomitng, abdominal pain, visual disturbance, fatigue/weakness, confusion, delirium, psychosis
Cardiac:
Ventricular arrhythmias
Atrioventricular block
Atrial arrhythmias
Sinus bradycardia
221
What is the action of digoxin?
Increases intracellular calcium, allowing more CA+ into myocardial during depolarization
Increases renal perfusion w/ diuretic effects & slowed conduction through AV
222
What electrolyte should you monitor when giving Digoxin?
K+
223
How many beats per minutes should the heart BPM be?
60
224
What is the toxicity range for digoxin?
> 2.5
225
What drugs interact with digoxin?
Verapamil
Amiodarone
Quinidine
Quinine
Erythromycin
Tetracycline
Cyclosporine
K+ losing diuretics
Cholestyramine
Charcoal
Colestipol
Bleomycin
Cyclophosphamide
Methotrexate
226
What is an early S*S of digoxin toxicity?
Halos, red/green spots
227
What should the nurse assess for cardiac glycosides?
Hx/physical
Allergies
Impaired kidney function
Ventricular tachycardia
Heart block
Sick since syndrome
IHSS
Electrolyte abnormalities
Weight
Cardiac status
Skin/mucous membranes
Affect
Orientation
Reflexes
LS
Abdomen
Urinary output
Lab values
