Chapter; Element From The Sea

Question 1

How can relative atomic masses be found?

Answer 1

Mass spectrometry

Question 2

Describe an absorption spectrum

Answer 2

Coloured background

Black lines- occurs where frequencies are missing

Question 3

Describe an emission spectrum

Answer 3

Black background

Coloured lines- occur where frequencies are emitted

Question 4

Spectroscopy is?

Answer 4

The study of how light and matter interact

Question 5

An s- sub shell contains one how many orbitals ?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

A p- sub shell contains how many orbitals?

Answer 6

3

Question 7

A d- sub shell contains

Answer 7

5 orbitals

Question 8

An f - sub shell contains

Answer 8

7 orbitals

Question 9

Pieces of information needed when describing an electron?

Answer 9

• the electron shell that it’s in
• it’s sub shell
• it’s orbital within the sub shell
• It’s spin

Question 10

A covalent bond?

Answer 10

Bonding between non-metallic elements where electrons are shared a of transferred

Question 11

Lone pair?

Answer 11

A pair of electrons that are not involved in bonding.

Question 12

Dative covalent bond?

Answer 12

When electrons in the bond come from one element

Question 13

What is the bond angle for a molecule with 4 groups of electrons around central atom with no lone pairs? (Methane)
Tetrahedral shape

Answer 13

109.5

Question 14

4 electron groups around central atom and one lone pair has a bond angle of? (Ammonia)
Pyramidal shape

Answer 14

107

Question 15

4 groups of electrons around the central atom and two lone pairs? (Water)
Bent shape

Answer 15

104.5

Question 16

Linear molecules have a bond angle of?

2 electron groups around the central atom

Answer 16

180

Question 17

Planar molecules have a bond angle of ?

3 electron groups around central atom

Answer 17

120

Question 18

Bipyramidal molecules have 5 groups of electrons surrounding the central atom, what is the bond angle ?

Answer 18

120 or 90 depending on the position

Question 19

Mass =

Answer 19

Mr x Mols

Question 20

Avogdro’s constant is

Answer 20

The amount of formula units or particles in one mole of a substance

Question 21

Percentage yield =

Answer 21

Actual yield / theoretical yield multiplied by 100

Question 22

Ionic bonding is

Answer 22

When metallic and non metallic elements transfer electrons to make cations and anions that are held together by electrostatic bonds.

Question 23

Ionic compound properties

Answer 23

• Typically solid at room temperature
• Form in giant lattices
• High melting points

Question 24

Metallic bonding is

Answer 24

Bonding in metals, delocalised sea of electrons hold cations together due to electrostatic attraction.

Question 25

A covalent network is

Answer 25

Elements like carbon form large covalently bonded networks. Consisting of very strong covalent bonds between atoms.

Question 26

Properties of covalent networks

Answer 26

- Insoluble in water - Does not conduct electricity - High melting point

Question 27

Ionisation

Answer 27

When an electron has been lost

Question 28

First ionisation enthalpy is

Answer 28

The energy needed to remove one electron from every atom in one mole of isolated gaseous atoms of the element.

Question 29

An acid is

Answer 29

A compound that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions.

Question 30

An base is

Answer 30

A compound that reacts with an acid to produce water

Question 31

An alkali is

Answer 31

A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions

Question 32

What is Relative Atomic Mass ?

Answer 32

It is the average of relative isotopic masses, taking into account their abundances.