Chapter Five: Organization Of Behavior: Neural And Hormonal Control

Question 1

Neural centers that evaluate input and turn other centers on or off

Answer 1

Command centers

Question 2

3 things that affect command centers

Answer 2

1. Neural pathways
2. Clocks
3. Hormones

Question 3

Neural mechanisms give ____ control

Answer 3

Immediate

Question 4

Control command centers over time (daily, seasonal)

Answer 4

Clocks

Question 5

Often the activating trigger that affects a command center

Answer 5

Hormones

Question 6

Neural pathways balance incoming ___ and ___ signals

Answer 6

Excitatory and inhibitory

Question 7

What is the excitatory signal for blowfly feeding?

Answer 7

Stepping in sugar

Question 8

What is the inhibitory signal for blowfly feeding?

Answer 8

Stretched out crop

Question 9

What happens if the recurrent nerve is a blowfly is cut

Answer 9

The fly never stops feeding

Question 10

Which nerve controls the inhibitory signal to stop feeding in blowfly’s

Answer 10

Recurrent nerve

Question 11

At first, a male dove displays aggressive strutting that is driven by ___

Answer 11

Testosterone

Question 12

Enzyme that converts testosterone into estrogen

Answer 12

Aromatase

Question 13

The calmer, tail-up display in male doves is driven by ___

Answer 13

Estrogen

Question 14

Why do animals need clocks to control command centers

Answer 14

Priorities change from day to night and season to season

Question 15

Internally driven clock, innate, based on genes

Answer 15

Free running cycle

Question 16

An internal starting point reset by external cues, a free running cycle that has been altered by environmental cues to make it better

Answer 16

Entrained cycle

Question 17

Neural messages are translated into hormonal messages that then initiate ____

Answer 17

A physiological response

Question 18

Male mice kill pups they come across, but they stop killing them ____

Answer 18

3 weeks after they mate

Question 19

The gestation period for mice is _____

Answer 19

3 weeks

Question 20

Why is it adaptive for male mice to stop killing pups three weeks after they mate?

Answer 20

3 weeks is the gestation period, so pups they run into three weeks after they mate could be their own

Question 21

What is the cue that controls the timing of mice infanticide

Answer 21

Photoperiod and hormones

Question 22

A decrease in ____ leads to the infanticidal behavior in mice

Answer 22

Progesterone

Question 23

Make quail stare at and are very to the female they mate with, what drives this behavior?

Answer 23

Estrogen that is converted by aromatase from testosterone

Question 24

Four effects of testosterone

Answer 24

1. Promotes sperm production
2. Activates sexual behavior
3. Suppresses immune system
4. Stimulates aggressive behavior

Question 25

Testosterone is high during mating and low at other times, most common mating type

Answer 25

Associated

Question 26

Mating type in which testosterone does not coincide with mating

Answer 26

Dissociated

Question 27

Male red garter snakes exhibit ____ mating type

Answer 27

Dissociated

Question 28

Male red garter snakes emerge from hibernation ready to ___

Answer 28

Mate immediately

Question 29

The activational cue for male garter snakes to mate is ____

Answer 29

Temperature

Question 30

The activational cue for male garter snakes to mate is also the cue for them to ____

Answer 30

Emerge from hibernation

Question 31

Removal of the _______ of garter snakes causes then not to mate

Answer 31

Pineal gland (detects temperature)

Question 32

Because testosterone increases aggression, why would it not be adaptive for testosterone to peak right before garter snakes go into hibernation?

Answer 32

High aggression while packed into a tight space with other males could result in fights

Question 33

Why do males need to be ready to mate immediately after they come out of hibernation

Answer 33

The summer is short in Canadian north, so in order for the babies to have enough time to grow and prepare for the next hibernation, the males need to be ready to mate immediately

Question 34

Five natural selection scenario categories

Answer 34

1. Natural variation 2. Heritable 3. Selective advantage 4. Differential survival and/or reproductive success 5. Explain over multiple generations