chapter four

Question 1

what is the most dominant platform/operating system?

Answer 1

Windows

Question 2

who invented MS-DOS?

Answer 2

Bill Gates and Paul Allen in the 1980s
Microsoft
Gates kept the copyright

Question 3

information technology is deeply embedded in business

Answer 3

business determines what happens in IT

having a superior product on the market is an expectation if it’s going to survive

Question 4

who invented Mac OS?

Answer 4

Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak

Apple

Question 5

system software

Answer 5

load the operating system

Question 6

operating system

Answer 6

a collection of computer programs that administer the hardware and software of a computer so that they work properly
groundwork for system software
run with little to no human interaction

Question 7

what are the tasks of the operating system?

Answer 7

controlling/allocating memory, administration input and output, and managing the filing system

Question 8

what are examples of operating systems?

Answer 8

Microsoft Windows, UNIX, Linux, and MacOS

Question 9

application software

Answer 9

cannot run or be installed without an operating system

Question 10

multitasking

Answer 10

(1990s) when a computer can run more than one process at a time

Question 11

process

Answer 11

a job or task a computer performs

Question 12

CPU (central processing unit) Cache

Answer 12

small, quick memory, stores copies of information and data from the most regularly used parts of main memory
helps to decrease the time it takes to access memory

Question 13

RAM (random access memory)

Answer 13

primary storage
allows stored date to be accessed in any order without physical movement of the storage media
considered volatile memory

Question 14

disk storage

Answer 14

non-volatile

secondary storages that is recorded to a physical device

Question 15

file allocation table (FAT)

Answer 15

directs the read/write arm of the hard drive to where data exists and accesses it upon the user’s request

Question 16

what is a drawback of FAT?

Answer 16

when data and information or files are deleted on the hard drive and new information is added, the disk ends up with fragments of information scattered all over

Question 17

what is the solution to fragmented data?

Answer 17

defragmentation, a program recognizes the hard disk, moves data to the inside concentric tracks of a hard drive

Question 18

file management

Answer 18

a way to store and organize a user’s work in computer files

Question 19

hierarchy of directories (folders)

Answer 19

file managers

Question 20

graphical user interface (GUI)

Answer 20

employed by a file manager to display and work with computer files

Question 21

file managers

Answer 21

can create, search, open, view, print, rename, copy, delete and more to files

Question 22

hierarchy/”tree”

Answer 22

how files are displayed, a way to rank and organize files

Question 23

graphical user interface (GUI)

Answer 23

employed by a file manager to display and work with computer files
allows the user to interact with a computer and the devices connected to it

Question 24

network

Answer 24

when a computer is connected to one or more computers

Question 25

server

Answer 25

a centralized computer a single scanner/printer can be accessed by multiple computers all computer files reside within the server and are accessible by each individual computer

Question 26

Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)

Answer 26

a set of rules for transferring information from one computer to another

Question 27

internet

Answer 27

the world's largest network and uses TCP/IP to transfer and receive files

Question 28

operating system vs. network operating system

Answer 28

operating system: stand alone computer | network operating system: system software that controls an entire network of computers

Question 29

operating system vs. network operating system

Answer 29

operating system: stand alone computer | network operating system: system software that controls an entire network of computers

Question 30

device drivers/ "drivers"

Answer 30

computer programs that allow peripheral hardware devices like printers or scanners to interface and work properly with a computer system

Question 31

plug and play

Answer 31

preloaded and configured drivers from manufactures of peripheral devices when a new device is detected, no driver installation is necessary

Question 32

Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports

Answer 32

(1996) gained traction with Microsoft, now considered a standard, peripheral device consumers how consider USB as park of their purchasing criteria to ensure smooth operation and seamless integration and installation

Question 33

icons

Answer 33

visual indicators

Question 34

menus

Answer 34

launch programs, load documents, and performa many other requests form a user without requiring the user to issue programming commands

Question 35

embedded operating systems

Answer 35

many devices and appliances that rely on computing

Question 36

embedded computing

Answer 36

a computing system or device that performs a dedicated function highly modified, stripped down versions of larger operating systems that manufacturers produce for specific tasks

Question 37

what are the advantages of Microsoft?

Answer 37

``` dominates market (90%) advantage in business applications ```

Question 38

what are the advantages of MacOS?

Answer 38

far better graphics superior architecture ease of use 7% of the market

Question 39

Microsoft Windows

Answer 39

proprietary GUI 1975 a family of various OS

Question 40

what is the current version of windows?

Answer 40

windows 10

Question 41

Mac OS

Answer 41

proprietary GUI 1984 first OS to be completely memory based

Question 42

UNIX

Answer 42

``` proprietary OS 1960s and 70s Bell Labs developed over time by AT&T popular for large processing applications ```

Question 43

Linux

Answer 43

non-proprietary | Linus Torvalds

Question 44

open source software

Answer 44

software source code which is open to anyone who cares to access/modify it for their own use Linux

Question 45

loss of standardization

Answer 45

potential outcome of open source software

Question 46

diffusion

Answer 46

once a product or software is widely accepted

Question 47

early adopter/technology leaders

Answer 47

first users

Question 48

followers

Answer 48

a bit more cautious