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Chapter Four Notes Questions Flashcards

1
Q

the Middle Ages took place between the end of _______ and beginning of the __________

A

classical age

modern world

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2
Q

In 481 AD _______ becomes ruler of one of the Frankish tribes

A

Clovis

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3
Q

dynasty established by Clovis

A

Merovingians

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4
Q

Because of Clovis’s conversion to Christianity, he receives the support of ________.

A

the Christian Church

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5
Q

originally the “mayor of the palace” was

A

chief of the royal palace

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6
Q

ultimately the mayor of the palace was

A

the real ruler of each kingdom

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7
Q

What was Charles Martel known as?

A

Charles the Hammer

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8
Q

In 732 AD the ________ was a war between ________ and _______ and was won by the _______.

A

Battle of Tours; Christians; Muslims; Christians

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9
Q

Pepin the Short was the son of _______

A

Charles Martel

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10
Q

the dynasty of Pepin the Short

A

Carolingians

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11
Q

Donation of Pepin

A

territory Pepin won and the gave as a gift of land to the pope

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12
Q

Charlemagne was the son of _______

A

Pepin the Short

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13
Q

Charlemagne was known as

A

Charles the Great

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14
Q

Charlemagne was the greatest of all

A

Frankish kings

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15
Q

New Rome

A

Charlemagne’s new empire that he wished to build in what is now France and Germany

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16
Q

Spanish March

A

a small strip of land won by Charlemagne from the Moors by driving the Muslims out

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17
Q

buffer zone

A

a buffer between Christians and Muslim Europe

the Spanish March was this

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18
Q

Charlemagne was crowned what by the pope?

A

Emperor of the Romans

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19
Q

Missi Dominici

A

means the Lord’s messengers

appointed officials who helped Charlemagne run his empire

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20
Q

Louis the Pious was

A

Charlemagne’s only surviving son

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21
Q

The Treaty of Verdun in 843 did what?

A

It divided Charlemagne’s empire between his three grandsons

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22
Q

Vikings

A

known as Norsemen or Northmen

were the most feared people

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23
Q

Vikings come from

A

Scandinavia

Norway, Sweden, and Denmark

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24
Q

Feudalism was a system of

A
  1. local governing 2. granting and receiving land 3. and obligations
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25
an unwritten contract between nobles providing for land and certain obligations
Feudal contract
26
fief
these were the feudal estates
27
obligations of a lord to a vassal
1. provided the land 2. provided for a court of justice
28
obligations of a vassal to a lord
must give 1. your loyalty 2. military service (3. maintain land)
29
lord
nobility who granted the fief
30
vassals
a lesser lord who received the fief
31
serfs
peasants who were tied to the land; did hard labor; peasantry
32
What did the church acquire large amounts of in the feudal system?
tremendous amounts of property
33
Three causes of war
1. boundary disputes 2. inheritance disputes 3. family feuds
34
"Peace of God"
the church instituted periods of peace where there would be no fighting (breaks in fighting that the church enforced)
35
Forbidden to attack
people called noncombatants | could not attack old people, children, women, clergy, and townspeople
36
an economic system revolving around self-sufficient estates
manorialism
37
manor
large estates
38
Manors were
self-sufficient
39
domain
the land kept by the lord of the manor for himself
40
what percent of the population was peasantry
95%
41
What were the peasants working conditions like?
5-6 days working from sun-up to sundown hard labor
42
cheval
get the word chivalry from this | means: the art of managing and training your horse
43
code of chivalry directed what?
an knight's behavior towards others
44
the code eventually extended those knightly qualities to
people of lower classes
45
three characteristics of a mounted knight
1. had heavy armor 2. had a weapon of some sorts 3. had a horse and a coat of arms
46
For the nobility, wars were opportunities for
glory or wealth
47
For the rest of society, wars were
a major cause of suffering and hardship
48
trial by ordeal
accused would have to endure an ordeal and innocence or guilt was determined by how quickly the wounds healed
49
compurgation
accuser and accused brought in character witnesses who testified on their behalf
50
Page
began at age seven; learned knightly manners and began to learn how to use and care for weapons
51
squire
took care of a knight's horse, armor, and weapons and would also accompany knight into battle
52
hierarchy
a ranking | an order of power from lowest to highest
53
parish priest
directly served the people in his church; could administer five of the seven sacraments
54
sacraments
ceremonies at which the people received God's direct favor
55
pope
held supreme authority over the Roman Catholic Church
56
canon law
the church's own code of law
57
clergy
any church related official was a part of this group
58
interdiction
the Catholic Church's punishment of a region where the church was closed and sacraments were denied
59
excommunication
when a person is cut off from the church and could not receive sacraments or be buried on sacred ground; effectively removed a person from society
60
heresy
most serious crime in the Middle Ages | opinion that conflicts with the church's doctrines
61
heretic
one convicted of heresy and denied the teachings of the church; sentenced to death
62
investiture
when a nobleman could appoint a friend or relative to hight positions within the church
63
inquisition
a special court that tried only heretics or heresy cases
64
Anglo-Saxon (England)
the Angles and the Saxons were the primary Germanic tribes in England
65
"Land of the Angles"
is ultimately going to be referred to as England
66
shires
government districts
67
The Norman conquest begins
the Norman line of kings
68
Normandy
located in France (and is where William, Duke of Normandy is from)
69
Harold of Wessex
related by marriage to Edward the Confessor and is the opposition to William the Conqueror as both of them claim the throne
70
Battle of Hastings 1066 | who defeated who and what is happens as a result
William defeated Harold. William becomes king and is known as William the Conqueror.
71
The Domesday Book
recorded all taxable property and the value of it
72
absolute ruler
a ruler with absolute authority; complete control
73
Magna Carta (1215) known as
the Great Charter
74
what was significant about the Magna Carta
The king was not above the law anymore | had to obey the law
75
common law
a law based on customs
76
Dept. of the Exchequer
deals with the king's finances
77
circuits
the routes that he judges traveled from town to town
78
trial by jury
where the jury would determine the guilt or innocence of the accused
79
Parliament
the legislative body of England
80
House of Lords
nobles and clergy
81
House of Commons
knights and free citizens(burgesses)
82
Court of Exchequer
dealt with financial matters
83
Court of Common Pleas
dealt with ordinary citizens
84
Court of King's Bench
dealt with cases concerning the king or the government
85
living law
a law that changes with the conditions of the times
86
leader of the Norman conquest
Duke William of Normandy
87
William required
all his subjects to swear loyalty to him the king
88
William became known as
William the Conqueror
89
duty of Parliament
originally and advisory body to the king but became the legislative body
90
The Middle Ages were also called the
medieval period/times

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