Chapter Four Terms Flashcards
National Interest
Nations, or governing individuals who make decisions based on gaining benefits for themselves or their nation
What are some of the main focuses of national interest?
Economic prosperity, safety, security, beliefs and values
Economic Prosperity
Providing a decent standard of living and stable employment
Security & Safety
Maintaining national security and physical protection of people living in the nation
Beliefs & Values
Affirming and protecting the beliefs, values, and culture of citizens
Peacekeeping
Armed forces that maintain peace by remaining neutral, and only using physical violence unless it is for self defense
Government Policy
A plan of action decided upon to guide or influence future decisions, and ensure that a country is moving toward a common goal that aligns with its leaders
Domestic Policy
Decisions about what to do within a country
Foreign Policy
Decisions about relations with other countries
What did the national interest shift to after WWI?
Domestic issues were the main concern. Canadians focused on finding work and housing for veterans. Belgium and France focused on rebuilding what had been devestated after the war.
Ultranationalism
An extreme form of nationalism that often involves elements of racism. Ultranationalism is the shift from valuing ones own nation, to being hostile towards people NOT in their nation.
Who are some examples of ultranationalists?
Adolf Hitler (WWII), Joseph Stalin (WWII), Hirohito (Japan), Tojo (Japan)
What were some of the things Stalin did regarding his ultranationalist mindset.
-Persecuted Ukrainians and assimilated them into the Soviet Union
-Created ‘Holomodor’ which was a manmade famine for any Ukrainians who refused his policies
-Replaced peoples loyalties with loyalties to the Soviet
Propaganda
Information and ideas that are distributed in order to achieve a certain goal. It is used to manipulate human emotions and stir up fear and hatred. Propaganda is mainly used during war and aims to persuade people to behave in certain ways
What are some examples of propaganda?
Name calling, using symbols, justifying violent acts (calling genocide ethnic cleansing)
Bandwagon Propaganda
A type of propaganda used to get viewers to support whatever cause is being proposed by the nation or nation-state
Demonizing Propaganda
A propaganda technique used to stimulate hatred towards the opposition
What are the three main factors that contribute to the development of ultranationlism?
1) Countries in crisis
2) Charismatic Leaders
3) Instilling Ultranationalist Values
Joseph Goebbels
Minister of Propaganda under Adolf Hitler. He worked with Nazi Germany and used his gift for speaking to distribute the Nazi message through forms of propaganda like film and newspapers
What was the crisis in the country of Japan that lead to ultranationalism?
A slowed economic system during the Great Depression which resulted in the loss of jobs for Japanese people. A rice famine also put the country in a dire situation
Who was Japans charismatic leader that contributed to ultranationalism?
Tojo: a Japanese prime minister who transformed Japan into a military dictatorship, with intentions to dominate all of Asia
How did Tojo instill ultranationalist values?
-Retuning to ancient values like idolizing/worshipping the emporer
-Praising Nazi Germany’s ideas
-Making military the highest priority, as well as seeing dying for Japan as the highest honour
What was the crisis in the country of Germany that lead to ultranationalism?
After the Treaty of Versailles in WWI, Germany experienced massive debt from the U.S.A, as well as devastations from the Great Depression which put them in a chaotic economical position
Who was Germanys charismatic leader that contributed to ultranationalism?
Adolf Hitler: Self-appointed German dictator that ruled all economic, social, political and cultural matters. He restricted freedom and made it his goal to restore national pride to the Germans
