Chapter I: Nucleic Acid Structure and Organization Flashcards
Transcription.
process of DNA going to RNA
Translation
process of RNA being made into protein
Transcription occurs in what phase of the cell cycle?
throughout interphase
What part of the cell does transcription take place?
nucleus
What phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During S phase
Where does translation of RNA occur? What phase?
in the cytoplasm; throughout the cell cycle
Describe M phase of the cell cycle.
mitosis the time in which the cell divides to form 2 daughter cells
Interphase?
the time between 2 cell divisions or mitosis
What is interphase divided into?
G1, S, G2 phase
G1 phase? (another name for it)
(gap 1)
period of cellular growth preceding DNA synthesis
G0 phase? Examples?
cells that have stopped cycling, such as muscle and nerve cells are said to be in a special state called G0
S phase
DNA synthesis; when DNA replication occurs
G2 phase? Another name for it?
gap 2
period of cellular growth after DNA synthesis but preceding mitosis; replicated DNA is checked for any errors before cell division
Reverse transcription?
produces DNA copies of RNA and more commonly associated with life cycles of retroviruses, which replicate and express their genome through a DNA intermediate (an integrated provirus)
What are the 2 types of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What are DNA and RNA assembled from?
What are the 3 components?
nucleotides, which consist of 3 components:
a nitrogenous base, a 5-carbon sugar (pentose), and phosphate
Difference beween nucleic acids and nucleotides?
nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides
What are some purines?
Pure As Gold
adenine
guanine
Some other purine metabolites not usually found in nucleic acids:
xanthine, hypoxanthine, and uric acid
Pyramidines names?
cytosine, uracil, thymine
Difference between adenine and guanine structure?
adenine has amino group at the top
Difference between cytosine uracil and thymine structure?
cytosine has amino group at the top
uracil and thymine have the same structure but thymine has a methyl group on the side
How do you tell the difference between naming a structure with the prefix deoxy?
on the pentose sugar if there is no OH on the right side (2’) position
Suffix for naming most nucleosides?
“sine” (for purines) or “dine” (for pyrimidines)
adenosine
guanosine
cytidine
uridine
thymidine
Is the DNA double helix usually right or left handed? Also what is another name for the most commonly found type of DNA?
right handed (B- DNA)
