Chapter II Flashcards by Rutchen Bello

Farms that produce 100, 00 or more broiler per harvest.

Large commercial farm

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Farms that produces 21,000-99,000 broiler per harvests

Medium commercial farms

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Farms the produce 1,00-20,000 broilers per harvest

Small commercial farms

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Farms that produce not more than 100 broilers per harvest

Small hold/ backyard farms

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Are farms that breed, hatch, grow and market their own products and their own expense

Integrated grower farm

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Are farms the grow chicken for the integrator

Contract grower farm

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Contract with an integrator to grow broilers up to marketable age of about how many days.

36-42 days

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They provides the grower with minimum of 10,00 meat type chicks and 35,000 kg of feeds

Integrator

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Growers provides what?

Housing
Labor
Land
Watering and feeding equipment
Brooders
Water
Fuel lighting
Litter materials

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This are farms that have tie ups with integrator or cooperatives whereby integrator/cooperatives sell to growers minimum of 10,000 broilers type chicks and/or feeds at an agreed price

Contract to buy grower farm

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At harvest the farm sells the broiler produced to integrators/cooperatives at an agreed price

Contract to buy grower farm

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Are farms that but broiler chicks at current market price and mix their own feed.
They raise and market their own produce/harvest

Independent commercial grower farms

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Are farms that produce hatching eggs for companies that supply the PARENTS STOCK and feeds.
The companies buy back the hatching eggs at agreed price

Contract breeding farms

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Are farms the buy parent stock and sell hatching eggs and/or day-old chicks to commercial growers

Independent or commercial breeder farm

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The broiler breeding operation (BREEDING FARM) main objective

Achieve and maintain the uniformity of the birds it produce in terms of physical characteristics and production performance

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Maybe achieve by grading the sizes of birds that will be entered into the breeding flocks.

Flock uniformity

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Is the best graded age of size of females birds

23-28 days old

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Is the age of best graded sizes of males bird

After 35 days of gae

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They produce contract for breeding, hatchery, growing and dressing.
They grow chickens independently by buying input like DOC’s and feeds from big corporations

Smaller and non-integrated companies

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They are traders in supply chain wherein they
Buy live chicken form integrators and underpaid commercial growers
Sell the live birds to dressing plants operators
Sell the dressed birds to wet market compromising 60-70% of locally produced dressed chicken

Viajeros

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Marketable age and weight of broiler chicken

36-42 days old weighing 1.6-2.0 kg live weight

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Parameters in selecting a strain of broilers

Performance
Adaptability and availability of stocks
Reliability of supplies

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The space in between slats

2.5-2.8 cm (1.5 inches)
should have 2.5 cm width

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Are used as flooring materials

Bamboo, wood and rattan slats

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It reduces the incidence of lameness and breast blisters

Nets

cm holes of The plastic net or fish nets that are used as over lay on top of slatted floors

2.5 cm holes

Post which is made of concrete should have how many cm or inches in diameter

20.3 cm or 8 inches in diameter

It is elevated to provide ventilation to reduce incidence of coccidiosis and ammonia

Posts

Plastic net; fishnets or bamboo

Walls and dividers

Recommended width of poultry house

7.3-9.0m or 24-30 feet

Recommended space between houses of poultry house

13.7 m( 45 feet)

Recommended floor height of poultry house

1.8 m or 5.9 feet to minimize ammonia build up

Recommended floor and ceiling height of a poultry house

2.4 m or 8 feet for optimum ventilation

2 types of housing

Splatter floor type Litter floor type

Sprinklers; foggers and ventilation fans Reflector paint for the roofing

Cooling devices

The temperature in the process of providing supplemental heat to keep the brooder

31.1 or 33.3 degree Celsius for 24 hours

Brooding last for how many weeks

2-3 weeks

Proper temperature of chicks age 1-7 days

32.2-35.0 degree Celsius

Proper temperature of chicks age 8-14 days

29.4-32.2 degree Celsius

Proper temperature of chicks age 15-21 days

26.7-29.4 degree Celsius

Should enclose the wide floor space

Brooder guard

One hanging fountain is enough for how many birds

80-100 birds

Small cup is enough for how many birds

50 birds

One nipple is enough for how many birds

10-12 birds

The use of incandescent bulb, infrared lamp and hover type heaters

Electricity

Are provided inside the brooder compartment to regulate the temperature

Thermostat

A 50 kg LPG cylinder is sufficient to provide heat to 1000 chicks for how many days ?

18 days

Used in large scale poultry farm and when electricity is not available

Liquefied petroleum gas

Should be turned on 4 hours before the arrival of chicks

Heater

Made of burlap curtains to better control temperature inside brooding house

False ceiling

Are feed ad-libitum from start to market

Broiler

15% based on total feed consumption given form a day old to 2 weeks

Pre-starter or chick booster

35% based on total food consumption given from 2-4 weeks old

Broiler starter

50% based on total food consumption given form 4 weeks and until desired market weight

Broiler finisher

A mixture of ground and powdered form of feedstuff

Mash

Compressed of mash feeds

Pellets

Coarsely ground pellets

Crumble

are balanced and contain adequate nutrients are important in disease prevention

Food rations

Deficiency problem commonly seen in small flocks

Vitamin A and D Calcium and phosphorus

Deficiency of this nutrient can cause severe anemia with reduction in packed volume against feather pigmentation

Iron

Deficiency of this nutrient can cause anemia, increased fragility of homed thickened epiphyseal cartilage, reduced vascular penetration of the thick cartilage

Copper

Deficiency of this nutrient can cause exudate diathesis, muscular dystrophy

Selenium

Deficiency of this nutrient can cause enlarged thyroid

Iodine

These are used to prevent fungal growth in stored ingredients and mixed feeds.

Antifungal agents

Reduced palatability and may produce mycotoxins.

Molds

Use of inhibitor is strongly recommended when moisture content of grains exceed in how many percent, relative humidity increase to how many percent as well as the temperature

13-14% Humidity -more than 80-85% Temperature rises above 12.8 degree Celsius

Theses are preservatives that prevent the oxidation of fats.

Antioxidants

It may react with oxygen to produce undesirable products with offensive odors and toxic properties and destroy nutrients

Unsaturated fatty acids

These are substances used to prevent the incidence of coccidiosis in poultry

Anticoccidial agents

These are substances that bind mycotoxins present in feeds

Antitoxins

Is a nasty behavior that may develop in a flock. It is manifested by pecking on others toes, tails and feathers.

Cannibalism

Is a state whereby the normal physiology condition of an organism is adversely affected

Stress

A long and narrow house will allow better ventilation than a square house of 10-12 m should be considered maximum .

Housing

It causes adverse effects on broiler performance. To prevent it tanks should be insulated an/or located in the shade.

Hot water

Broilers performs better if provided with cold drinking water. True or false?

True

During warm weather condition these feeds are recommended to improve food consumption and minimize dusts.

Pellets and Crumble

as energy source are also useful because it produces lower metabolic heat than carbohydrates

fats

Full-fat soya is an excellent ingredient as it contains how many percent of high-quality fat?

18% high quality fat

A good quality and digestible of this source is also important during hot weather.

Digestible phosphate

should be added in fat sources, high fat ingredients, and vitamin premixes to prevent growth of mycotoxin-producing organisms and oxidation of fats Stabilized forms of vitamin C have been found useful under certain situations.

Mold inhibitors and antioxidants based on ethoxyquin

this vitamin at level higher than 80ppm has also been observed to be beneficial, particularly during stressful condition

Vitamin D

During summer months, extra calcium at a rate of 1 g/bird should be provided in the form of what?

oyster shell grit or limestone

minimizes alkalosis related to heat stress.

sodium zeolite

Some of the most often ignored causes of stress in broiler chickens

slamming of doors, bonking of horns and children or dogs running around.