Chapter One Flashcards
(39 cards)
what are atoms
a particle that is mostly empty space as well as containing a nucleus, neutron, electrons, and protons.
what is an element
a substance containing only one type of atom
what is a molecule
a substance containing more than one type of atom
mass number
the number of protons and neutrons in an atom
atomic number
the number of protons.
charge of a proton, electron and neutron
proton is positive
electron is negative
neutron is neutral
isotope
atoms of the same element but have different numbers of neutrons
ground state
when an electron is in its lowest possible energy level.
excited state
when an electron is in its highest possible energy level
electron configuration
the arrangement of electrons in a shell.
ions
atoms that have lost or gained electrons
cations
ions that are positive because they have lost an electron in order to become stable.
anions
ions that are negatively charged because they have gained an electron
period
the horizontal row on the periodic table
group
the vertical row of the periodic table
metallic characters
ductile, malleable, shiny, high conductors of electricity and heat.
non metal characters
low melting point, brittle, poor conductors of electricity and heat.
metallic character on the periodic table
increasing to the left and down
atomic size on the periodic table
increasing to the left and down
reactivity on the periodic table
metals increasing to the left and down. non metals increasing to the right and up
electronegativity on the periodic table
increasing to the right and up
electronegativity
the ability of an atom to attract shared electrons
critical elements
elements that are vital for the world but short in supply
Sustainability goals for chemistry
-clean drinking water
-clean and no expensive energy
-technological progress in all industries
- sustainable cities
-responsible consumption
-action against climate change
-conserve aquatic environments
-mange ecosystems sustainably
