Chapter One (Definition, Invitation, Terms, and Imagination)

Question 1

The scientific study of social behavior and human groups. It focuses on social relationships; how those relationships influence people’s behavior; and how societies, the total of those relationships, develop and change:

Answer 1

Sociology

Question 2

It is the study of the interaction of people in groups and of the influence of those groups on human behavior generally and on society’s other institutions and groups:

Answer 2

Sociology

Question 3

An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society:

Answer 3

Sociological Imagination

Question 4

A set of statements that seeks to explain problems, actions, or behavior:

Answer 4

A theory

Question 5

The loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective:

Answer 5

Anomie

Question 6

A construct or model for evaluating specific cases:

Answer 6

Ideal Type

Question 7

The division of an individual’s identity into two or more social realities:

Answer 7

Double Consciousness

Question 8

Concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations:

Answer 8

Macrosociology

Question 9

The study of small groups, often through experimental means:

Answer 9

Microsociology

Question 10

Refers to noneconomic goods, such as family background and education:

Answer 10

Cultural Capital

Question 11

Refers to the collective benefit of networks, which are built reciprocal trust:

Answer 11

Social Capital

Question 12

Emphasizes the way in which the parts of a society are structured to maintain its stability:

Answer 12

Functionalist Perspective

Question 13

Open, stated, and conscious functions of institutions:

Answer 13

Manifest Functions

Question 14

Unconscious or unintended functions that may reflect hidden purposes of an institution:

Answer 14

Latent Functions

Question 15

Assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of tension between groups over power of the allocation of resources:

Answer 15

Conflict Perspective

Question 16

Sees inequity in gender as central to all behavior and organization:

Answer 16

The Feminist View

Question 17

Generalize about everyday forms of social interaction to explain society as a whole:

Answer 17

The Interactionist Perspective

Question 18

A particular type of interactionist method in which people are seen as theatrical performers:

Answer 18

Dramaturgical Approach

Question 19

The use of the discipline of sociology with the specific intent of yielding practical applications for human behavior and organizations:

Answer 19

Applied Sociology

Question 20

Dedicated to facilitating change by altering social relationships or restructuring social institutions:

Answer 20

Clinical Sociology

Question 21

The worldwide integration of government policies, cultures, social movements, and financial markets through trade and the exchange of ideas:

Answer 21

Globalization

Question 22

Appointed as one of the first sociology professors in France, he was responsible for pioneering theoretical work on suicide:

Answer 22

Emile Durkheim

Question 23

He attempted to understand social behavior by relaying “sociological imagination”:

Answer 23

C. Wright Mills

Question 24

The early sociologist who cofounded the famous Chicago settlement Hull-House:

Answer 24

Jane Addams

Question 25

Adapted Charles Darwin's evolutionary view of "survival of the fittest" by arguing that it is "natural" that some people are rich while others are poor:

Answer 25

Herbert Spencer

Question 26

An early Black sociologist, active in the struggle for a racially egalitarian society, who was critical of theorists who seemed content with the status quo:

Answer 26

W.E.B. DuBois

Question 27

In Society in America, originally published in 1837, this English scholar examined religion, politics, child rearing, and immigration in the young nation:

Answer 27

Harriet Martineau

Question 28

Widely regarded as the founder of the interactionist perspective:

Answer 28

George Herbert Mead

Question 29

The American sociologist who popularized the dramaturgical approach:

Answer 29

Erving Goffman

Question 30

Examined the industrial societies of his time and saw the factory as the center of conflict between the exploiters and the exploited:

Answer 30

Karl Marx

Question 31

The French who coined the term sociology:

Answer 31

Auguste Comte

Question 32

The American sociologist of the early 1900s who saw smaller groups as the seedbeds of society:

Answer 32

Charles Horton Cooley

Question 33

The German sociologist and historian who developed the key conceptual tool of the ideal type:

Answer 33

Max Weber

Question 34

Remember for his insistence that behavior cannot be fully understood in individualistic terms; it must be understood within a larger social context:

Answer 34

Emile Durkheim

Question 35

Produced a theory that is one of the most frequently cited explanations of deviant behavior. He noted different ways in which people attempt to achieve success in life:

Answer 35

Robert Merton

Question 36

Told his students that they should employ Verstehen, the German word for “understanding” or “insight,” in their intellectual work:

Answer 36

Max Weber

Question 37

Argued that society was fundamentally divided between classes in pursuit of their own class interests:

Answer 37

Karl Marx

Question 38

He dominated American sociology for over four decades with his advocacy of functionalism:

Answer 38

Talcott Parsons

Question 39

The Columbia University sociologist who emphasized that sociology should strive to bring together the “macro” and “micro” approaches to the study of society:

Answer 39

Robert Merton

Question 40

The French sociologist who wrote about how capital (cultural and social) sustains individuals and families from one generation to the next:

Answer 40

Pierre Bourdieu

Question 41

Saw any society as a vast network of connected parts, each of which helps to maintain the system as a whole:

Answer 41

Talcott Parsons

Question 42

Concentrates on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations:

Answer 42

Macrosociology

Question 43

The study of small groups, often through experimental means:

Answer 43

Microsociology

Question 44

Refers to the body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observations:

Answer 44

Science

Question 45

An awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider society:

Answer 45

Sociological Imagination

Question 46

This awareness allows us to comprehend the links between our immediate personal social settings and the remote, impersonal social world that surrounds and helps to shape us:

Answer 46

Sociological Imagination

Question 47

The Sociological Imagination works between ______ ______ and _______ _______:

Answer 47

Personal Troubles; Public Issues

Question 48

_____ occur within the character of the individual and the range of their immediate relations with others; they have to do with themselves and those limited areas of social life of which they are directly and personally aware:

Answer 48

Troubles

Question 49

Troubles are a ______ matter:

Answer 49

Private

Question 50

_____ have to do with matters that surpass these local environments of the individual and the range of their inner life:

Answer 50

Issues

Question 51

An issue is a ______ matter:

Answer 51

Public

Question 52

List the 5 parts from Invitation to Sociology:

Answer 52

1. Humans 2. Curiosity 3. Quest for Knowledge 4. Uncomfortability 5. Nothing is Off Limits