chapter one exam

Question 1

counseling psychology programs are typically based in departments of…?

Answer 1

education

Question 2

what types of training programs are for students who want a professional license to practice independently?

Answer 2

clinical, counseling, and school. (all of the above)

Question 3

psychologists might serve on university committees or in leadership roles. what is the term for this professional activity?

Answer 3

administration

Question 4

clinical psychologists spend time helping students develop expertise in psychological assessment and treatment in individual or small groups. what is the term for this?

Answer 4

clinical supervision

Question 5

what is not a responsibility of a school psychologist?

Answer 5

prescribing medications to students for behavioral difficulties.

Question 6

what is not required of mental health workers?

Answer 6

teaching students how to conduct psychotherapy

Question 7

compared to psychiatrists, clinical psychologists…

Answer 7

are trained to appreciate cognitive, behavioral, and sociocultural aspects of client’s problems.

Question 8

which of these is the study of the biology of behavior, including how the brain regulates behavior?

Answer 8

behavioral neuroscience

Question 9

the study of mental processes, for example, memory, language, perception, and decision making?

Answer 9

cognitive psychology

Question 10

the study of how individuals function and interact within groups?

Answer 10

social psychology

Question 11

True or False:
Developmental Psychologists may work to measure academic abilities, personalities, interests, and vocational aptitude.

Answer 11

false

Question 12

True or False: Social workers tend to have intense involvement with the everyday lives and stresses of their patients and may visit the home, the workplace, or other environments where their parents spend the bulk of their lives.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False: Psychiatrists generally regard mental health problems as socially based illnesses BEST treated by a community-focused approach.

Answer 13

False

Question 14

True or False: because of their understanding in human behavior and skills in human relations, many clinical psychologists make good administrators.

Answer 14

true

Question 15

True or False: the subfield of social psychology is concerned with understanding how psychological, behavioral, neurological, and cultural factors contribute to physical health and illness.

Answer 15

false

Question 16

True or False: within the clinical science training model, students not only receive clinical training, but also conduct assessment with their faculty members.

Answer 16

false

Question 17

True or False: marriage and family therapists primarily work with families in which one member has problems that impact the rest of the family.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

True or False: most licensed professional counselors have a master’s degree, and there are a wide range of both accredited and unaccredited programs that train counselors.

Answer 18

true

Question 19

True or False: counseling psychologists examine mental processes that help one navigate the world around them.

Answer 19

false

Question 20

True or False: counseling psychologists may work to measure academic abilities, personalities, interest, and vocational aptitude.

Answer 20

true

Question 21

True or False: developmental psychologists examine how psychological processes change as one matures, seeking an understanding of how one’s cognitive, social, moral, emotional, or intellectual abilities, for instance, may evolve over their lifespan.

Answer 21

true

Question 22

___ are more likely to visit the home, work place, or other environments where their patients spend the bulk of their lives.

Answer 22

social workers

Question 23

consistent with medical tradition, ___ generally regard mental health problems and disorders as biologically based illnesses, that are BEST treated with medical approaches.

Answer 23

psychiatrists

Question 24

which of these specialities within the practice of psychology focus on deriving principles of individual, group, and professional behavior, and applying this knowledge to work place problems?

Answer 24

Industrial / organizational psychology

Question 25

why was the psychology of interjurisdictional compact enacted?

Answer 25

clients had difficulty finding good professionals in their area, covid happened, and it facilitated the practice of telepsychology across state boundaries.

Question 26

what is not a common requirement for licensure as a psychologist?

Answer 26

board certification

Question 27

what knowledge is needed to pass the national exam (pt1/2)

Answer 27

treatment, intervention, prevention, and supervision

Question 28

what does PCSAS stand for?

Answer 28

Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System

Question 29

is the US, at least __% of the population have a mental disorder.

Answer 29

25

Question 30

one of the primary goals of the Academic of Psychological Clinical Science is to foster the development of and access to ___ and ___ for training, research, funding, and careers in clinical science.

Answer 30

resources; opportunities

Question 31

An advantage of PhD programs, as compared to PsyD, is___

Answer 31

tuition waivers are often offered.

Question 32

whats a major critique of practitioner-scholar models?

Answer 32

a PhD should not be granted without a substantial amount of research training.

Question 33

psychologists trained in scientist-practitioner programs will also be able to ___?

Answer 33

test hypotheses, contribute to clinical knowledge, practice with skill and sensitivity

Question 34

whats the largest difference between a physician's training and a clinical psychologist's?

Answer 34

psychologists prepare a dissertation, whereas physicians do not.

Question 35

what is not an assertion of the scientist-practitioner model?

Answer 35

clinical psychologists shall achieve competence during the post-doctoral fellowship, rather than during graduate training.

Question 36

in what decade did universities begin investing resources into undergraduate and graduate training in psychology?

Answer 36

1960s

Question 37

whats wrong with the Vail model? aka Practicioner-scholar model

Answer 37

was largely rejected by academic clinical psychologists.

Question 38

the vail model led to what?

Answer 38

the creation of the doctor of psychology (PsyD) degree.

Question 39

true of false: clinical psychologists may not see clients without supervision until they are licensed within a particular state, province, or territory.

Answer 39

true

Question 40

true of false: a candidate for doctoral programs must pass the American Board of Professional Psychology Exam, pt1/2, before being issued a PhD.

Answer 40

false

Question 41

true of false: the scientist-practitioner model is the predominant training model for clinical psychologists.

Answer 41

true

Question 42

true of false: the doctor of philosophy degree is an advanced degree in psychology that involves an original research contribution to the field in the form of a doctoral model.

Answer 42

false (dissertation)

Question 43

___ can be earned through verification of one's credentials, as well as the submission of recorded samples of interactions with clients, a written statement regarding professional expertise and handling of clinical cases, and successful completion of an oral examination conducted by three expert peers.

Answer 43

Board certification

Question 44

in order to prepare for applications to clinical psychology PhD programs, a student takes courses in ___ and ___ to demonstrate their readiness for graduate school.

Answer 44

research methods; psychological theories

Question 45

A psychology professor is preparing an application for accreditation by PCSAS on behalf of a clinical psychology program, and in the application, the professor will likely attend to all of which areas for review?

Answer 45

conceptual foundation that aligns with the mission and goals that define PCSAS, quality of the application training, ethical standards and concern for diversity being reflected in training for scholarship.

Question 46

what is not of the APA's profession wide competencies for accreditation of clinical psychology doctoral programs?

Answer 46

statistical analysis

Question 47

persons under the age of ___ years are not offered confidentiality

Answer 47

16 (but in class prof. said 18)

Question 48

would a psychologist have to breach confidentiality in this moment? a third party payer demands access to a cllients treatment record.

Answer 48

ya (sus but answer is yes)

Question 49

would a psychologist have to breach confidentiality in this moment? the psychologist is subpoenaed by the court

Answer 49

ya

Question 50

would a psychologist have to breach confidentiality in this moment? the client may soon attempt to harm themselves

Answer 50

yes

Question 51

whats a goal of the Ethics code?

Answer 51

express the best ethical practices in the field as judged by a sample of apa members, and to influence the ethical conduct of psychologists by meriting widespread indentification and acceptance among members of the discipline.

Question 52

true or false: psychologists should not speak about their research or practice in a public setting. ever.

Answer 52

false

Question 53

true or false: speaking about psychological research or practice on TV may help viewers understand their services.

Answer 53

true

Question 54

true or false: if speaking on TV, a psychologist should make statements that are consistent with the ethics code.

Answer 54

true

Question 55

if a psychologist desires to develop competence in a new area, then what should they do?

Answer 55

seek additional formal training, seek supervision from an expert, and avoid new referrals until they have completed training.

Question 56

psychologists and physicians are trained to do no harm. this is consist with the APA's principle of

Answer 56

beneficence and non-maleficence

Question 57

if a psychologist violated the ethics code, what could happen to them?

Answer 57

suspension of their license to practice

Question 58

if a psychologist is asked to take on a client outside of their usual clientele work, ie: different age and disorder, by what ethics code should they abide by?

Answer 58

competence

Question 59

what's the difference between the five general principles and the specific ethical standards in the APA ethics code?

Answer 59

specific ethical standards are not enforceable rules of conduct

Question 60

what should not be included in the informed consent?

Answer 60

limitation of competence

Question 61

what should be included in the informed consent?

Answer 61

potential risks, limitations on confidentiality, and freedom to withdraw

Question 62

the limits of confidentiality include ___

Answer 62

when the client is a minor and when a client is going to attempt to harm themselves or others.

Question 63

a psychologist needs an interpreter due to a language barrier with a client. when is it important to discuss the interpreters role with the client?

Answer 63

informed consent

Question 64

___ is the legal requirement that researchers explain to participants the purpose, importance, and the results of the research following their participation.

Answer 64

debriefing

Question 65

___ occurs when the purpose of the research or the meaning of a particpents responses is withheld so as to not influence the participents response.

Answer 65

deception

Question 66

the ethical principle ___ suggests that psychologists should do no harm

Answer 66

beneficence and nonmaleficence

Question 67

the first step in the psychological assessment process?

Answer 67

determine the reason for referral and presenting problem

Question 68

compared to actuarial prediction, clinical judgement ___.

Answer 68

is a subjective form of decision making

Question 69

true or false: the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) was an objective self-report test whose major function, initially, was attaching psychiatric labels to clients.

Answer 69

true

Question 70

true or false: internal and face validity are both requirements of construct validity

Answer 70

false

Question 71

true or false: if an IQ test has good convergent validity, it correlates with other tests that assess IQ

Answer 71

true

Question 72

true or false: convergent and discriminant are both subcategories of construct validity

Answer 72

true

Question 73

true or false: face reliability is an important piece in etsablishing the accuracy of an assessment instrument because if different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same results, this instrument cannot be measuring what it's supposed to be measuring.

Answer 73

false

Question 74

true or false: predictive validity is defined as teh extent to which a test can be used to forecast future behavior.

Answer 74

true

Question 75

true or false: validity- the extent to which a test measure what it intends to measure

Answer 75

true

Question 76

true or false: the stronger the evidence for reliability and validity, the more confident psychologists can be in their conclusions.

Answer 76

true

Question 77

true or false: psychometric evaluation is defined as a process in which the developer subjects assessment instruments to rigorous statistical analyses to determine whether they meet certain standards

Answer 77

true

Question 78

true or false: standardization is defined as the extent to which a test can be used to forecast future behavior.

Answer 78

false

Question 79

true or false: researchers establish the internal consistency of tests by administering the test to large groups of individuals and deriving a statistic called alpha.

Answer 79

true

Question 80

true or false: scientific approaches to assessment can be traced back to the first intelligence tests developed in france by Binet in the early 20th century.

Answer 80

true

Question 81

what is incremental validity?

Answer 81

the extent to which a test provides information not available through other means

Question 82

what is convergent validity?

Answer 82

the extent to which a test of one characteristic correlates with other tests of the same characteristic.

Question 83

when different interviewers assessing the same person cannot come up with the same results, the instrument cannot be doing its job. what is this an example of?

Answer 83

interrater reliability

Question 84

___ ensures that anyone taking a test has the same experience and scoring criteria, which allows psychologists to compare scores across diferent people.

Answer 84

standardization

Question 85

researchers establish __ using longitudinal studies in which they compare scores from a test to a future characteristic.

Answer 85

predictive validity

Question 86

___ validity is defined as the extent to which interview scores do not correlate with measures other than those related to the construct being measured.

Answer 86

discriminant

Question 87

if an IQ test has ___, then it ___ correlate with tests of characteristic other than IQ

Answer 87

discriminant; does not

Question 88

the consistency with which the test measures a particular variable is known as ___

Answer 88

reliability

Question 89

an assessment report begins with a reason for ___

Answer 89

referral

Question 90

___: the extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure

Answer 90

validity

Question 91

measures with good ___ are desirable because they have items that all contribute in a meaningful way to the characteristic of interest

Answer 91

internal consistency

Question 92

The first step in every interaction with a clinical psychologist typically involves a discussion of ___ from a client to begin assessment or treatment.

Answer 92

informed consent

Question 93

Require a doctoral degree (such as PhD) activities include research, clinical practice, teaching, consultation, administration trained scientifically and practiccally regarded to be very knowledgeable and critical thinkers

Answer 93

clinical psychologist

Question 94

is what initiates an assessment. it helps with thinking about what needs to be evaluated, assessments tools used, and goals to be worked on.

Answer 94

presenting problem

Question 95

licensed physicians; diagnose, assess, treat, study mental health problems and disorders. attribute biological causes to mental health problems.

Answer 95

Psychiatrists

Question 96

clinicians should be clear and open about matters of ___ and the conditions under which it could be breached.

Answer 96

confidentiality

Question 97

allows individuals at imminent risk to be heal against will between 48-72 hours. promotes safety and monitoring. clinical psychologists encourage clients to receive evaluations.

Answer 97

Baker Acts

Question 98

Psychologists are required to avoid ___, which are defined as instances when a psychologist has any type of affiliation with the client outside the therapeutic context.

Answer 98

Dual relationship

Question 99

When WWII broke out, the military called upon clinical psychologists to address the symptoms of ___ that were observed among veterans engaged in combat.

Answer 99

Psychological traumas

Question 100

They are licensed to diagnose and treat mental, behavioral, and emotional problems within the context of marriage, relationships, and family systems.

Answer 100

Marriage and Family Therapist

Question 101

Most clinical psychologists ensure that they are practicing "within the bounds of their ____"

Answer 101

competence

Question 102

The ___ formed in 1988 by an academic-scientific contingent whose goals included advancing the discipline of psychology, preserving its scientific base, and promoting public understanding of the field and its applications.

Answer 102

Association for Psychological Science or APS

Question 103

Provide psychological treatment to individuals, groups, focus on familial and sociocultural factors underlying psychopathology involved with everyday lives and stresses of patients. visit the environments where patients spend bulk of their lives.

Answer 103

social workers

Question 104

field of psychology devoted to research, teaching, and service relevant to the applications of principles, methods, and procedures for understanding predicting, social and behavioral maladjustment.

Answer 104

clinical psychology

Question 105

work with educators to promote intellectual, social, and emotional growth of school age children. evaluating children and consulting with teachers about school policy.

Answer 105

counseling and school psychologist

Question 106

generally, psychologists are only permitted to practice in states where they hold an active ___

Answer 106

license

Question 107

the ___ training model encourages rigorous training in empirical research methods and the integration of scientific principles into clinical practice.

Answer 107

scientist-practicioner model

Question 108

a landmark 1976 case ruled therapist was legally remiss for not informing all parties of the client's intention to harm. established "duty to protect"

Answer 108

Tarasoff case

Question 109

the consistency of test scores across some period of time

Answer 109

test-retest reliability

Question 110

counseling is for a ___ period, while psychotherapy is ___.

Answer 110

shorter; longer

Question 111

what are examples of unregulated psychological services?

Answer 111

psychotherapy, life coaches, and therapists.

Question 112

the late 1800's foundation that oversaw like all of psychology.

Answer 112

APA

Question 113

the late 1900s foundation that oversaw psychological research

Answer 113

APS

Question 114

what is the boulder model?

Answer 114

1949, scientist - practitioner model.

Question 115

what is the vail model?

Answer 115

1973, practitioner scholar model.

Question 116

what is the ABPP

Answer 116

its where you go to get board certified in your area of expertise.