Chapter One Key Terms

Question 1

Division of the anterior (ventral) cavity that houses the abdominal and pelvic viscera

Answer 1

Abdominopelvic cavity

Question 2

Assembly of more complex molecules from simpler molecules

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

Standard reference position used for describing locations and directions on the human body

Answer 3

Anatomical position

Question 4

Science that studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

Answer 4

Anatomy

Question 5

Describes the front or direction toward the front of the body; also referred to as ventral

Answer 5

Anterior

Question 6

Larger body cavity located anterior to the posterior (dorsal) body cavity; includes the serous membrane-lined pleural cavities for the lungs, pericardial cavity for the heart, and peritoneal cavity for the abdominal and pelvic organs; also referred to as ventral cavity

Answer 6

Anterior cavity

Question 7

Breaking down of more complex molecules into simpler molecules

Answer 7

Catabolism

Question 8

Describes a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail (in humans, the coccyx, or lowest part of the spinal column); also referred to as inferior

Answer 8

Caudal

Question 9

Smallest independently functioning unit of all organisms; in animals, a cell contains cytoplasm, composed of fluid and organelles

Answer 9

Cell

Question 10

Medical imaging technique in which a computer enhanced cross-sectional x-ray image is obtained

Answer 10

Comuted tomography (CT)

Question 11

Compares values to their normal range; deviations caused the activation of an effector

Answer 11

Control center

Question 12

Describes a position above or higher than another part of the body proper; also referred to as superior

Answer 12

Cranial

Question 13

Division of the posterior cavity that houses the brain

Answer 13

Cranial cavity

Question 14

Describes the position farther from the surface of the body

Answer 14

Deep

Question 15

Changes an organism goes through during its life

Answer 15

Development

Question 16

Process by which unspecialized cells become specialized in structure and function

Answer 16

Differentiation

Question 17

Describes a position farther from the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Answer 17

Distal

Question 18

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as posterior

Answer 18

dorsal

Question 19

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as the posterior body cavity

Answer 19

Dorsal cavity

Question 20

Organ that can cause a change in value

Answer 20

effector

Question 21

Two dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 21

Frontal plane

Question 22

Study of the larger structures of the body, typically with the united eye; also referred to macroscopic anatomy

Answer 22

Gross anatomy

Question 23

Process of increasing in size

Answer 23

Growth

Question 24

Study state of body systems that living organisms maintain

Answer 24

Homeostasis

Question 25

Describe a position below or lower than another part of the body proper; near or toward the tail also referred to as caudal

Answer 25

Inferior

Question 26

Describes the side or direction toward the side of the body

Answer 26

Lateral

Question 27

Medical imaging technique in which a device generates a magnetic field to obtain detailed sectional images of the internal structures of the body

Answer 27

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 28

Describes the middle or direction toward the middle of the body

Answer 28

Medial

Question 29

Sum of all of the bodies chemical reactions

Answer 29

Metabolism

Question 30

Study a very small structures of the body using magnification

Answer 30

Microscopic anatomy

Question 31

Homeostatic mechanism that tends to stabilize an upset in the bodies, physiological condition by preventing an excessive response to a stimulus, typically as the stimulus is removed

Answer 31

Negative feedback

Question 32

Range of values around the setpoint that do not cause a reaction by the control center

Answer 32

Normal range

Question 33

Chemical obtained from foods and beverages that is critical to human survival

Answer 33

Nutrient

Question 34

Functionally distinct structure, composed of two or more types of tissues

Answer 34

Organ

Question 35

Group of organs that typically work together to carry out a particular function

Answer 35

Organs system

Question 36

Living being that has a cellular structure and that can independently perform all physiologic functions necessary for life

Answer 36

Organism

Question 37

Sac that encloses the heart

Answer 37

Pericardium

Question 38

Serous membrane that lines the abdomiopelvic cavityand covers the organs found there

Answer 38

Peritoneum

Question 39

Science that studies the chemistry, biochemistry, and physics of the bodies functions

Answer 39

Physiology

Question 40

Imaginary two dimensional surface that passes through the body

Answer 40

Plane

Question 41

Serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity and covers the lungs

Answer 41

Pleura

Question 42

Mechanism that intensifies a change in the bodies physiological condition and response to a stimulus

Answer 42

Positive feedback

Question 43

Medical imaging technique in which radio pharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

Answer 43

Positron emission tomography (PET)

Question 44

Describes the back or direction toward the back of the body; also referred to as dorsal

Answer 44

Posterior

Question 45

Posterior body cavity that houses the brain and spinal cord; also referred to as dorsal cavity

Answer 45

Posterior cavity

Question 46

Force exerted by a substance and contact with another substance

Answer 46

Pressure

Question 47

Face down

Answer 47

Prone

Question 48

Describes a position near to the point of attachment or the trunk of the body

Answer 48

Proximal

Question 49

Study of the structures that contribute to specific body regions

Answer 49

Regional anatomy

Question 50

Processed by which worn out cells are replaced

Answer 50

Renewal

Question 51

Process by which new organisms are generated

Answer 51

Reproduction

Question 52

Ability of an organisms or a system to adjust to changes in conditions

Answer 52

Responsiveness

Question 53

Two dimensional, vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

Answer 53

Sagittal plane

Question 54

In anatomy, a single flat surface of a three dimensional structure that has been cut through

Answer 54

Section

Question 55

(Also, receptor) reports a monitored physiological value to the control center

Answer 55

Sensor