Chapter Review Flashcards
(49 cards)
The term “memory” refers to…
- the capacity to retain and retrieve information
- also the structures that account for this capacity
Human memory is __________. People add, delete, and change elements.
-reconstructive
Define: source misattribution
-inability to distinguish information stored DURING an event from information added LATER
Even _____________, though emotionally powerful and vivid, are often embellished or change over time.
-flashbulb memories
Confabulation is…
- confusion of imagined events with real events
- confusing an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you
Confabulation is likely under what circumstances?
- one has thought, heard, or talked about the “imagined” event many times
- the image of an event contains lots of details that make it feel real
- the event is easy to imagine
Eyewitness testimony is especially vulnerable to error when…
- the suspect’s ethnicity differs from the witness’s
- when witnesses are exposed to misleading information
- when witnesses are exposed to leading questions
Children can be suggestible when…
- interviewers use leading questions or suggestive techniques, or pressure child to give a certain answer
- children are affected by rumor and hearsay
In tests of ___________, or conscious recollection, _________ is usually better than ___________.
- explicit memory
- recognition
- recall
In tests of __________, it is measured by indirect methods such as _________ and _________.
- implicit memory
- priming
- relearning method
The __________________ model of memory involves _________, _________, and __________.
- information-processing
- encoding, storage, retrieval
In the Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP) model of memory, knowledge is represented as…
-connections among thousands of interacting processing units, all operating in parallel
The three-box model of memory consists of…
- sensory register
- short-term memory
- long-term memory
Function: sensory register
-retains incoming sensory information for a second or two
1/2 second for visual, 2 seconds for auditory
Function: short-term memory (STM)
- retains information from 30sec to a few minutes
- contains working memory
________ extends the capacity of STM
-chunking
Define: working memory
- controls the retrieval of information from LTM
- its executive processes control attention, manipulation, and interpretation of information required for a task
Define: long-term memory (LTM)
-information organized as a network of interrelated concepts
Long-term memory is divided into…
- declarative memories “knowing that”
- semantic memories
- episodic memories - procedural memories “knowing how”
Define: serial position effect
-tendency for strongest recall of the first and last items on a list
What keeps information in STM longer, and increases chances of retention?
-rehearsal
______ rehearsal is more likely to result in transfer to LTM than ________ rehearsal
- elaborative rehearsal
- maintenance rehearsal
_________ processing is usually more effective than _________ processing.
- deep
- shallow
What is more effective than passively reading material?
- read, recite, review strategy
- retrieval practice
