Psychology Class > Chapter Three AI created up to page 21. > Flashcards

Chapter Three AI created up to page 21. Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main topics explored in this unit?

A

Personality traits, types, assessments, psychological disorders related to anxiety and depression, and the impact of stress on health and well-being.

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2
Q

What skills are emphasized for personal and professional growth?

A

10 skills that develop over time through practice.

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3
Q

How does understanding your personality contribute to skill development?

A

It enhances self and social awareness skill and problem solving skill.

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4
Q

What is the relationship between personality and coping with stress?

A

Understanding personality helps in coping with everyday stress.

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5
Q

What are some key aspects of personality psychology?

A
  • Uniqueness
  • Consistency
  • Stability
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6
Q

Define personality.

A

Unique pattern of consistent feelings, thoughts, and behaviors that originate within the individual across time and situations.

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7
Q

What does character refer to in psychology?

A

Desirable or undesirable aspects of a person; characteristics that a person values or doesn’t value.

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8
Q

What is temperament?

A

Innate and inherited aspects of personality, like emotionality, irritability, or sensitivity.

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9
Q

What are the main approaches to personality psychology?

A
  • Trait Theory
  • Psychodynamic Theory
  • Humanism
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10
Q

What does trait theory focus on?

A

Identification of the basic stable and consistent qualities that people show.

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11
Q

What is the focus of psychodynamic theory?

A

The importance of the unconscious on personality and temperament.

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12
Q

What does humanism emphasize in personality psychology?

A

Development of self-esteem and self-concept.

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13
Q

What are the two main types of qualitative personality assessments?

A
  • Interviews
  • Direct Observations
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14
Q

What is a structured interview?

A

A face-to-face conversation with pre-planned questions.

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15
Q

What is the halo effect?

A

The tendency to view a person as generally positive or negative based on partial information or first impression.

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16
Q

What is direct observation?

A

Watching the subject within a naturalistic setting to gather information about them.

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17
Q

What is a personality questionnaire?

A

A written form of test that reveals different aspects of a person’s personality.

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18
Q

What is a projective test?

A

Tests that present ambiguous stimuli; responses are analyzed for meaning.

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19
Q

What is an objective test?

A

Test with standardized, consistent scoring and administration.

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20
Q

What are the strengths of projective tests?

A
  • Difficult to fake
  • Provide in-depth information
  • Focus on unconscious thoughts
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21
Q

What are the weaknesses of projective tests?

A
  • Low validity
  • Subject to interpretation by the psychologist
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22
Q

Fill in the blank: Personality psychology is the study of a person’s unique, consistent, and stable patterns of _______.

A

thinking, feeling, and behaving over time.

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23
Q

How do employers view character in potential employees?

A

They look for character that fits and complements other employees.

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24
Q

What are consistent and stable patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving over time called?

A

Personality

Personality is defined by the values a person places on specific traits.

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25
What term refers to the inherited aspects of a person’s personality?
Temperament ## Footnote Temperament encompasses innate qualities such as emotionality and sensitivity.
26
What type of assessment involves a face-to-face conversation between a person and a psychologist?
Interview ## Footnote Interviews can be influenced by biases from either the subject or the interviewer.
27
What is a behavioral assessment?
Evaluating the frequency of specific behaviors ## Footnote This method focuses on observing how often certain behaviors occur.
28
What term describes the study of the link between personality traits and heredity?
Behavioral Genetics ## Footnote This field explores how genetic factors influence personality.
29
What is the Halo Effect?
Favorable view based on partial information or first impression ## Footnote This bias can complicate the interpretation of later information.
30
What are personality traits?
Basic, stable, and consistent qualities that people show over time and in different situations ## Footnote These traits are considered the building blocks of a person's self.
31
Who is considered one of the founding figures in trait theory of personality?
Gordon Allport ## Footnote Allport made significant contributions to understanding personality traits.
32
What are common traits?
Traits shared by most members of a specific culture ## Footnote These traits are recognized and valued differently across cultures.
33
What are cardinal traits?
The most influential and important traits in a person, guiding their actions ## Footnote Cardinal traits are rare as they define the essence of a person's character.
34
What are central traits?
Core qualities of a personality that influence how people usually act ## Footnote These traits do not completely define a person but are significant in their behavior.
35
What does the Five Factor Model of Personality consist of?
Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism ## Footnote This model categorizes personality traits into five main dimensions.
36
What does openness to experience refer to?
Intellectual curiosity, appreciation of art, and adventurousness ## Footnote High openness is associated with creativity and a preference for new experiences.
37
What is conscientiousness?
How organized, disciplined, and responsible a person is ## Footnote High conscientiousness is linked to being efficient and hardworking.
38
What characterizes extroversion?
Socially outgoing, expressive, and talkative ## Footnote High extroversion is often associated with being energetic and affectionate.
39
What does agreeableness measure?
Friendliness, kindness, and caring towards others ## Footnote High agreeableness indicates a cooperative and trusting nature.
40
What is neuroticism?
A measure of emotional stability and the likelihood of experiencing negative emotions ## Footnote High neuroticism correlates with sensitivity to stress and self-consciousness.
41
Fill in the blank: The Five Factor Model can also be referred to as _______.
Big Five Theory ## Footnote This model was developed based on extensive research into personality descriptions.
42
What is a personality questionnaire?
A type of objective test that reveals personality traits based on answers given ## Footnote This test format allows for standardized assessment of personality.
43
What are projective tests?
Tests that present ambiguous stimuli to analyze responses for meaning ## Footnote These tests aim to uncover unconscious mental processes.
44
What are common traits?
Traits shared by most members of a specific culture.
45
Define Conscientiousness.
Organized, careful, and disciplined.
46
What characterizes Extroversion?
Sociable, fun-loving, and affectionate.
47
What is the Five Factor Model of Personality?
Based on a collection of researchers' data on hundreds of personality descriptions grouped into five main categories.
48
What are Individual Traits?
A specific person’s unique personality traits.
49
What does Neuroticism/Emotional Stability refer to?
Calm, secure, self-satisfied.
50
What is Openness to Experience?
Imaginative, likes variety, and independent.
51
Define Personality Trait.
The basic and stable and consistent qualities people show over time and in different situations.
52
What are Secondary Traits?
Preferences that are dependent on the environment.
53
Who is a Trait Theorist?
A personality psychologist that identifies and measures particular aspects or pieces of a person’s personality.
54
What is the focus of the lesson covered?
The type theory of personality by identifying Type A and Type B personality traits.
55
Who developed the Type A and Type B personality theory?
Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman.
56
What are Type A personality characteristics?
* Competitive * Driven to achieve * Sense of urgency and impatience * Proactive * Multitasking * Highly organized and efficient
57
What risks are associated with Type A personalities?
Twice as likely to develop heart disease and have heart attacks.
58
What are Type B personality characteristics?
* Patient * Easygoing * Relaxed * Calm * Apathetic * Unorganized
59
What is a criticism of Type A and Type B personality theories?
The categories tend to be overly simplistic.
60
True or False: Type A personalities are generally relaxed and unmotivated.
False.
61
Fill in the blank: Type A personalities are driven, responsible, competitive, and run a high risk of developing _______.
cardiovascular disease.
62
Fill in the blank: Type B personalities are relaxed, resilient, and do things at their own _______.
speed.
63
What did Friedman and Rosenman initially study?
The types of people at higher risk of developing heart disease.
64
What physiological issues are Type A personalities at risk for due to stress?
Hypertension and high blood pressure.
65
What is an example of a situational personality trait?
A person could be a Type A personality in one situation and a Type B personality in another.
66
What conclusion can be drawn about Type A and Type B personalities?
Type A personalities have strong drives but may experience anxiety, while Type B personalities are more relaxed but can be apathetic.

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